White Matter Plasticity Keeps the Brain in Tune: Axons Conduct While Glia Wrap
Precise timing of neuronal inputs is crucial for brain circuit function and development, where it contributes critically to experience-dependent plasticity. Myelination therefore provides an important adaptation mechanism for vertebrate circuits. Despite its importance to circuit activity, the inter...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fncel.2018.00428/full |
| _version_ | 1817980627097485312 |
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| author | Zahraa Chorghay Ragnhildur Thóra Káradóttir Edward S. Ruthazer |
| author_facet | Zahraa Chorghay Ragnhildur Thóra Káradóttir Edward S. Ruthazer |
| author_sort | Zahraa Chorghay |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Precise timing of neuronal inputs is crucial for brain circuit function and development, where it contributes critically to experience-dependent plasticity. Myelination therefore provides an important adaptation mechanism for vertebrate circuits. Despite its importance to circuit activity, the interplay between neuronal activity and myelination has yet to be fully elucidated. In recent years, significant attention has been devoted to uncovering and explaining the phenomenon of white matter (WM) plasticity. Here, we summarize some of the critical evidence for modulation of the WM by neuronal activity, ranging from human diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies to experiments in animal models. These experiments reveal activity-dependent changes in the differentiation and proliferation of the oligodendrocyte lineage, and in the critical properties of the myelin sheaths. We discuss the implications of such changes for synaptic function and plasticity, and present the underlying mechanisms of neuron–glia communication, with a focus on glutamatergic signaling and the axomyelinic synapse. Finally, we examine evidence that myelin plasticity may be subject to critical periods. Taken together, the present review aims to provide insights into myelination in the context of brain circuit formation and function, emphasizing the bidirectional interplay between neurons and myelinating glial cells to better inform future investigations of nervous system plasticity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T22:55:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-73993546242e4526a4a4fb22d60cc422 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5102 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T22:55:50Z |
| publishDate | 2018-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-73993546242e4526a4a4fb22d60cc4222022-12-22T02:26:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience1662-51022018-11-011210.3389/fncel.2018.00428408574White Matter Plasticity Keeps the Brain in Tune: Axons Conduct While Glia WrapZahraa Chorghay0Ragnhildur Thóra Káradóttir1Edward S. Ruthazer2Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United KingdomDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaPrecise timing of neuronal inputs is crucial for brain circuit function and development, where it contributes critically to experience-dependent plasticity. Myelination therefore provides an important adaptation mechanism for vertebrate circuits. Despite its importance to circuit activity, the interplay between neuronal activity and myelination has yet to be fully elucidated. In recent years, significant attention has been devoted to uncovering and explaining the phenomenon of white matter (WM) plasticity. Here, we summarize some of the critical evidence for modulation of the WM by neuronal activity, ranging from human diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies to experiments in animal models. These experiments reveal activity-dependent changes in the differentiation and proliferation of the oligodendrocyte lineage, and in the critical properties of the myelin sheaths. We discuss the implications of such changes for synaptic function and plasticity, and present the underlying mechanisms of neuron–glia communication, with a focus on glutamatergic signaling and the axomyelinic synapse. Finally, we examine evidence that myelin plasticity may be subject to critical periods. Taken together, the present review aims to provide insights into myelination in the context of brain circuit formation and function, emphasizing the bidirectional interplay between neurons and myelinating glial cells to better inform future investigations of nervous system plasticity.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fncel.2018.00428/fullactivity-dependentmyelinplasticityoligodendrocyteaxonconduction velocity |
| spellingShingle | Zahraa Chorghay Ragnhildur Thóra Káradóttir Edward S. Ruthazer White Matter Plasticity Keeps the Brain in Tune: Axons Conduct While Glia Wrap Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience activity-dependent myelin plasticity oligodendrocyte axon conduction velocity |
| title | White Matter Plasticity Keeps the Brain in Tune: Axons Conduct While Glia Wrap |
| title_full | White Matter Plasticity Keeps the Brain in Tune: Axons Conduct While Glia Wrap |
| title_fullStr | White Matter Plasticity Keeps the Brain in Tune: Axons Conduct While Glia Wrap |
| title_full_unstemmed | White Matter Plasticity Keeps the Brain in Tune: Axons Conduct While Glia Wrap |
| title_short | White Matter Plasticity Keeps the Brain in Tune: Axons Conduct While Glia Wrap |
| title_sort | white matter plasticity keeps the brain in tune axons conduct while glia wrap |
| topic | activity-dependent myelin plasticity oligodendrocyte axon conduction velocity |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fncel.2018.00428/full |
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