Mycotoxins and Crop Yield in Maize as Affected by Irrigation Management and Tillage Practices
In addition to the weather conditions, agronomic practices can have a major influence on maize crop yield and contamination with mycotoxins. In this work, the effect of different irrigation systems (flood vs. sprinkler irrigation), sprinkler irrigation management (low vs. high frequency, daytime vs....
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/3/798 |
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| author | Marta Herrera José Cavero Samuel Franco-Luesma Jorge Álvaro-Fuentes Agustín Ariño Susana Lorán |
| author_facet | Marta Herrera José Cavero Samuel Franco-Luesma Jorge Álvaro-Fuentes Agustín Ariño Susana Lorán |
| author_sort | Marta Herrera |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In addition to the weather conditions, agronomic practices can have a major influence on maize crop yield and contamination with mycotoxins. In this work, the effect of different irrigation systems (flood vs. sprinkler irrigation), sprinkler irrigation management (low vs. high frequency, daytime vs. nighttime irrigation) and tillage practices (conventional tillage, no tillage with or without crop stover) on crop yield and the contamination with aflatoxins (AFs), fumonisins (FUM) and deoxynivalenol (DON) were evaluated in the maize grain from two experimental maize fields. No aflatoxins were detected in any of the samples analyzed. DON and FUM levels were significantly higher when the sprinkler irrigation was performed at nighttime (0.54 and 1.21 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively) as compared to daytime (0.38 and 0.45 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>). Likewise, DON and FUM were greater when irrigation frequency was low (0.61 and 1.09 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively) in comparison with high frequency (0.30 and 0.57 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>). DON concentrations were significantly higher in fields with sprinkler irrigation (0.53 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) as compared to flood irrigation (0.19 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), while the levels of FUM were very similar regardless of the maize irrigation system. Mycotoxin concentrations were not affected by the different soil tillage practices. This highlights the importance of implementing crop management practices to minimize the risk of mycotoxin contamination in maize. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:03:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-73a264b9ad7d4010a10063cbf808a8aa2023-11-17T09:06:21ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-03-0113379810.3390/agronomy13030798Mycotoxins and Crop Yield in Maize as Affected by Irrigation Management and Tillage PracticesMarta Herrera0José Cavero1Samuel Franco-Luesma2Jorge Álvaro-Fuentes3Agustín Ariño4Susana Lorán5Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, SpainSoil and Water Department, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (EEAD), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 1005 Montañana Ave., 50059 Zaragoza, SpainSoil and Water Department, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (EEAD), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 1005 Montañana Ave., 50059 Zaragoza, SpainSoil and Water Department, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (EEAD), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 1005 Montañana Ave., 50059 Zaragoza, SpainFacultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, SpainFacultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, SpainIn addition to the weather conditions, agronomic practices can have a major influence on maize crop yield and contamination with mycotoxins. In this work, the effect of different irrigation systems (flood vs. sprinkler irrigation), sprinkler irrigation management (low vs. high frequency, daytime vs. nighttime irrigation) and tillage practices (conventional tillage, no tillage with or without crop stover) on crop yield and the contamination with aflatoxins (AFs), fumonisins (FUM) and deoxynivalenol (DON) were evaluated in the maize grain from two experimental maize fields. No aflatoxins were detected in any of the samples analyzed. DON and FUM levels were significantly higher when the sprinkler irrigation was performed at nighttime (0.54 and 1.21 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively) as compared to daytime (0.38 and 0.45 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>). Likewise, DON and FUM were greater when irrigation frequency was low (0.61 and 1.09 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively) in comparison with high frequency (0.30 and 0.57 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>). DON concentrations were significantly higher in fields with sprinkler irrigation (0.53 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) as compared to flood irrigation (0.19 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), while the levels of FUM were very similar regardless of the maize irrigation system. Mycotoxin concentrations were not affected by the different soil tillage practices. This highlights the importance of implementing crop management practices to minimize the risk of mycotoxin contamination in maize.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/3/798fumonisinsdeoxynivalenolmaizesprinkler irrigationflood irrigationtillage methods |
| spellingShingle | Marta Herrera José Cavero Samuel Franco-Luesma Jorge Álvaro-Fuentes Agustín Ariño Susana Lorán Mycotoxins and Crop Yield in Maize as Affected by Irrigation Management and Tillage Practices Agronomy fumonisins deoxynivalenol maize sprinkler irrigation flood irrigation tillage methods |
| title | Mycotoxins and Crop Yield in Maize as Affected by Irrigation Management and Tillage Practices |
| title_full | Mycotoxins and Crop Yield in Maize as Affected by Irrigation Management and Tillage Practices |
| title_fullStr | Mycotoxins and Crop Yield in Maize as Affected by Irrigation Management and Tillage Practices |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mycotoxins and Crop Yield in Maize as Affected by Irrigation Management and Tillage Practices |
| title_short | Mycotoxins and Crop Yield in Maize as Affected by Irrigation Management and Tillage Practices |
| title_sort | mycotoxins and crop yield in maize as affected by irrigation management and tillage practices |
| topic | fumonisins deoxynivalenol maize sprinkler irrigation flood irrigation tillage methods |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/3/798 |
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