Clustering and Precipitation during Early-Stage Artificial Aging of Al–Si–Mg(–Cu) Foundry Alloys
High-Si aluminum foundry alloys are an important material class for products with complex 3D geometries where casting is the most suitable production method. With Mg and/or Cu additions, these alloys gain strength upon heat treatment due to the formation of nanoprecipitates. These precipitated phase...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/3/557 |
| _version_ | 1797610141861806080 |
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| author | Sigurd Wenner Constantinos Hatzoglou Eva Anne Mørtsell Petter Åsholt |
| author_facet | Sigurd Wenner Constantinos Hatzoglou Eva Anne Mørtsell Petter Åsholt |
| author_sort | Sigurd Wenner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | High-Si aluminum foundry alloys are an important material class for products with complex 3D geometries where casting is the most suitable production method. With Mg and/or Cu additions, these alloys gain strength upon heat treatment due to the formation of nanoprecipitates. These precipitated phases are of the same kind as in the wrought Al–Mg–Si(–Cu) alloys having much lower Si contents, which have been the subject of a high number of studies. Some of these studies indicate that atomic clusters formed during storage at room temperature have a strong effect on the phases that evolve during artificial aging. In this work, foundry alloys containing Si, Mg, and Cu are investigated. Room-temperature storage is found to have a great influence on kinetics during early aging. Cu additions accelerate the formation of hardening precipitates during early aging, but 1 month of room-temperature storage negates the positive effect of Cu. The maximum achievable strength is found to be limited mainly by the solubility limits of Si and Mg at the solution heat treatment temperature. With insights derived from transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography results, this study contributes to the understanding of the solute balance and early aging kinetics and how wrought and foundry alloys differ in these respects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:10:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-73a2b4ad505b46bd828fc7e5154a3286 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:10:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-73a2b4ad505b46bd828fc7e5154a32862023-11-17T12:39:25ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012023-03-0113355710.3390/met13030557Clustering and Precipitation during Early-Stage Artificial Aging of Al–Si–Mg(–Cu) Foundry AlloysSigurd Wenner0Constantinos Hatzoglou1Eva Anne Mørtsell2Petter Åsholt3Materials and Nanotechnology, SINTEF Industry, 7465 Trondheim, NorwayDepartment of Materials Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, NorwayResearch and Technology Development, Hydro Aluminium, 6601 Sunndal, NorwayResearch and Technology Development, Hydro Aluminium, 6601 Sunndal, NorwayHigh-Si aluminum foundry alloys are an important material class for products with complex 3D geometries where casting is the most suitable production method. With Mg and/or Cu additions, these alloys gain strength upon heat treatment due to the formation of nanoprecipitates. These precipitated phases are of the same kind as in the wrought Al–Mg–Si(–Cu) alloys having much lower Si contents, which have been the subject of a high number of studies. Some of these studies indicate that atomic clusters formed during storage at room temperature have a strong effect on the phases that evolve during artificial aging. In this work, foundry alloys containing Si, Mg, and Cu are investigated. Room-temperature storage is found to have a great influence on kinetics during early aging. Cu additions accelerate the formation of hardening precipitates during early aging, but 1 month of room-temperature storage negates the positive effect of Cu. The maximum achievable strength is found to be limited mainly by the solubility limits of Si and Mg at the solution heat treatment temperature. With insights derived from transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography results, this study contributes to the understanding of the solute balance and early aging kinetics and how wrought and foundry alloys differ in these respects.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/3/557aluminum alloysprecipitation strengtheningelectron microscopyatom probe tomography |
| spellingShingle | Sigurd Wenner Constantinos Hatzoglou Eva Anne Mørtsell Petter Åsholt Clustering and Precipitation during Early-Stage Artificial Aging of Al–Si–Mg(–Cu) Foundry Alloys Metals aluminum alloys precipitation strengthening electron microscopy atom probe tomography |
| title | Clustering and Precipitation during Early-Stage Artificial Aging of Al–Si–Mg(–Cu) Foundry Alloys |
| title_full | Clustering and Precipitation during Early-Stage Artificial Aging of Al–Si–Mg(–Cu) Foundry Alloys |
| title_fullStr | Clustering and Precipitation during Early-Stage Artificial Aging of Al–Si–Mg(–Cu) Foundry Alloys |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clustering and Precipitation during Early-Stage Artificial Aging of Al–Si–Mg(–Cu) Foundry Alloys |
| title_short | Clustering and Precipitation during Early-Stage Artificial Aging of Al–Si–Mg(–Cu) Foundry Alloys |
| title_sort | clustering and precipitation during early stage artificial aging of al si mg cu foundry alloys |
| topic | aluminum alloys precipitation strengthening electron microscopy atom probe tomography |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/3/557 |
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