Electromagnetic-Thermal Coupling Study for RF Compression Cavity Applied to Ultrafast Electron Diffraction
Ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) is a powerful tool for observing the evolution of transient structures at the atomic level. However, temporal resolution is a huge challenge for UEDs, mainly depending on the pulse duration. Unfortunately, the Coulomb force between electrons causes the pulse dura...
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7455 |
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| author | Zhen Wang Jian Xu Xintian Cai Zhiyin Gan Caoyue Ji Cheng Lei Sheng Liu |
| author_facet | Zhen Wang Jian Xu Xintian Cai Zhiyin Gan Caoyue Ji Cheng Lei Sheng Liu |
| author_sort | Zhen Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) is a powerful tool for observing the evolution of transient structures at the atomic level. However, temporal resolution is a huge challenge for UEDs, mainly depending on the pulse duration. Unfortunately, the Coulomb force between electrons causes the pulse duration to increase continually when propagating, reducing the temporal resolution. In this paper, we theoretically design a radio frequency (RF) compression cavity using the finite-element method of electromagnetic–thermal coupling to overcome this limitation and obtain a high-brightness, short-pulse-duration, and stable electron beam. In addition, the cavity’s size parameters are optimized, and a water-cooling system is designed to ensure stable operation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the electromagnetic–thermal coupling method has been used to study the RF cavity applied to UED. The results show that the RF cavity operates in TM010 mode with a resonant frequency of 2970 MHz and generates a resonant electric field. This mode of operation generates an electric field that varies periodically and transiently, compressing the electronic pulse duration. The electromagnetic–thermal coupling method proposed in this study effectively improves the temporal resolution of UED. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:13:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-73ac024687fb4d54837d89cf8884adba |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:13:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-73ac024687fb4d54837d89cf8884adba2023-11-19T08:50:07ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-08-012317745510.3390/s23177455Electromagnetic-Thermal Coupling Study for RF Compression Cavity Applied to Ultrafast Electron DiffractionZhen Wang0Jian Xu1Xintian Cai2Zhiyin Gan3Caoyue Ji4Cheng Lei5Sheng Liu6The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaSchool of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, ChinaThe Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, ChinaThe Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaThe Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaThe Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaUltrafast electron diffraction (UED) is a powerful tool for observing the evolution of transient structures at the atomic level. However, temporal resolution is a huge challenge for UEDs, mainly depending on the pulse duration. Unfortunately, the Coulomb force between electrons causes the pulse duration to increase continually when propagating, reducing the temporal resolution. In this paper, we theoretically design a radio frequency (RF) compression cavity using the finite-element method of electromagnetic–thermal coupling to overcome this limitation and obtain a high-brightness, short-pulse-duration, and stable electron beam. In addition, the cavity’s size parameters are optimized, and a water-cooling system is designed to ensure stable operation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the electromagnetic–thermal coupling method has been used to study the RF cavity applied to UED. The results show that the RF cavity operates in TM010 mode with a resonant frequency of 2970 MHz and generates a resonant electric field. This mode of operation generates an electric field that varies periodically and transiently, compressing the electronic pulse duration. The electromagnetic–thermal coupling method proposed in this study effectively improves the temporal resolution of UED.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7455dynamic atomic motionRF compression cavityultrafast electron diffraction |
| spellingShingle | Zhen Wang Jian Xu Xintian Cai Zhiyin Gan Caoyue Ji Cheng Lei Sheng Liu Electromagnetic-Thermal Coupling Study for RF Compression Cavity Applied to Ultrafast Electron Diffraction Sensors dynamic atomic motion RF compression cavity ultrafast electron diffraction |
| title | Electromagnetic-Thermal Coupling Study for RF Compression Cavity Applied to Ultrafast Electron Diffraction |
| title_full | Electromagnetic-Thermal Coupling Study for RF Compression Cavity Applied to Ultrafast Electron Diffraction |
| title_fullStr | Electromagnetic-Thermal Coupling Study for RF Compression Cavity Applied to Ultrafast Electron Diffraction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electromagnetic-Thermal Coupling Study for RF Compression Cavity Applied to Ultrafast Electron Diffraction |
| title_short | Electromagnetic-Thermal Coupling Study for RF Compression Cavity Applied to Ultrafast Electron Diffraction |
| title_sort | electromagnetic thermal coupling study for rf compression cavity applied to ultrafast electron diffraction |
| topic | dynamic atomic motion RF compression cavity ultrafast electron diffraction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7455 |
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