Characterization of a river at risk: the case of Sapangdaku River in Toledo City, Cebu, Philippines
Sapangdaku River in Toledo City, Cebu is a freshwater source found near a copper mine operating for more than 50 years. The river has been one of the major rivers identified by the Environmental Management Bureau to be at risk, that needs monitoring and more empirical studies. This paper assessed th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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AIMS Press
2020-11-01
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| Series: | AIMS Environmental Science |
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| Online Access: | http://www.aimspress.com/article/10.3934/environsci.2020035?viewType=HTML |
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| author | Joje Mar P. Sanchez Marchee T. Picardal Marnan T. Libres Hedeliza A. Pineda Ma. Lourdes B. Paloma Judelynn M. Librinca Reginald Raymund A. Caturza Sherry P. Ramayla Ruby L. Armada Jay P. Picardal |
| author_facet | Joje Mar P. Sanchez Marchee T. Picardal Marnan T. Libres Hedeliza A. Pineda Ma. Lourdes B. Paloma Judelynn M. Librinca Reginald Raymund A. Caturza Sherry P. Ramayla Ruby L. Armada Jay P. Picardal |
| author_sort | Joje Mar P. Sanchez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sapangdaku River in Toledo City, Cebu is a freshwater source found near a copper mine operating for more than 50 years. The river has been one of the major rivers identified by the Environmental Management Bureau to be at risk, that needs monitoring and more empirical studies. This paper assessed the water quality of the Sapangdaku River through physicochemical, metal, and microbial analyses. Five (5) samples were collected from the downstream, midstream, and upstream sites, and were immediately tested in a water laboratory. Findings revealed that the pH, DO, BOD and COD registered within the acceptable range. Conductivity, turbidity, TDS, and TSS have fluctuating results where the midstream area recorded the highest measurement for the first three and upstream for the latter. Hg and Pb are present in little amounts while Cu in high concentrations. Total coliform counts are low in midstream and upstream while fecal coliform counts are high in all sites. Higher conductivity, higher turbidity, slower flow rate, and cooler condition in the midstream, as well as the presence of more pathogenic bacteria and Cu across sites, indicate poor water quality. Though there is poor quality, the DO, BOD, and COD levels of the river show promising results that aquatic life can still thrive. Educating communities, decreasing means of erosion, and establishing strict policies and ordinances on the use of river resources are recommended. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T05:17:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-73b6b2e339c847b8b5d8326237f27d04 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2372-0352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T05:17:09Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | AIMS Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | AIMS Environmental Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-73b6b2e339c847b8b5d8326237f27d042022-12-21T22:02:05ZengAIMS PressAIMS Environmental Science2372-03522020-11-017655957410.3934/environsci.2020035Characterization of a river at risk: the case of Sapangdaku River in Toledo City, Cebu, PhilippinesJoje Mar P. Sanchez0Marchee T. Picardal 1Marnan T. Libres2Hedeliza A. Pineda3Ma. Lourdes B. Paloma 4Judelynn M. Librinca5Reginald Raymund A. Caturza6Sherry P. Ramayla7Ruby L. Armada8Jay P. Picardal91. Science Education Department, College of Teacher Education, Cebu Normal University, Cebu City, Philippines1. Science Education Department, College of Teacher Education, Cebu Normal University, Cebu City, Philippines2. Chemistry Department, College of Arts and Sciences, Velez College, Cebu City, Philippines3. College of Arts and Sciences, Cebu Technological University-Main Campus, Cebu City, Philippines4. College of Arts and Sciences, Palompon Institute of Technology, Leyte, Philippines5. Senior High School Department, Labogon National High School, Mandaue City, Philippines1. Science Education Department, College of Teacher Education, Cebu Normal University, Cebu City, Philippines6. Philippine Science High School-Central Visayas Campus, Argao, Philippines7. Senior High School Department, Mactan National High School, Lapu-Lapu City, Philippines8. Research Institute of Tropical Biology & Pharmacological Biotechnology, Cebu Normal University, Cebu City, PhilippinesSapangdaku River in Toledo City, Cebu is a freshwater source found near a copper mine operating for more than 50 years. The river has been one of the major rivers identified by the Environmental Management Bureau to be at risk, that needs monitoring and more empirical studies. This paper assessed the water quality of the Sapangdaku River through physicochemical, metal, and microbial analyses. Five (5) samples were collected from the downstream, midstream, and upstream sites, and were immediately tested in a water laboratory. Findings revealed that the pH, DO, BOD and COD registered within the acceptable range. Conductivity, turbidity, TDS, and TSS have fluctuating results where the midstream area recorded the highest measurement for the first three and upstream for the latter. Hg and Pb are present in little amounts while Cu in high concentrations. Total coliform counts are low in midstream and upstream while fecal coliform counts are high in all sites. Higher conductivity, higher turbidity, slower flow rate, and cooler condition in the midstream, as well as the presence of more pathogenic bacteria and Cu across sites, indicate poor water quality. Though there is poor quality, the DO, BOD, and COD levels of the river show promising results that aquatic life can still thrive. Educating communities, decreasing means of erosion, and establishing strict policies and ordinances on the use of river resources are recommended.http://www.aimspress.com/article/10.3934/environsci.2020035?viewType=HTMLsapangdaku riverphysicochemical assessmentmetalscoliformriver rehabilitation |
| spellingShingle | Joje Mar P. Sanchez Marchee T. Picardal Marnan T. Libres Hedeliza A. Pineda Ma. Lourdes B. Paloma Judelynn M. Librinca Reginald Raymund A. Caturza Sherry P. Ramayla Ruby L. Armada Jay P. Picardal Characterization of a river at risk: the case of Sapangdaku River in Toledo City, Cebu, Philippines AIMS Environmental Science sapangdaku river physicochemical assessment metals coliform river rehabilitation |
| title | Characterization of a river at risk: the case of Sapangdaku River in Toledo City, Cebu, Philippines |
| title_full | Characterization of a river at risk: the case of Sapangdaku River in Toledo City, Cebu, Philippines |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of a river at risk: the case of Sapangdaku River in Toledo City, Cebu, Philippines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of a river at risk: the case of Sapangdaku River in Toledo City, Cebu, Philippines |
| title_short | Characterization of a river at risk: the case of Sapangdaku River in Toledo City, Cebu, Philippines |
| title_sort | characterization of a river at risk the case of sapangdaku river in toledo city cebu philippines |
| topic | sapangdaku river physicochemical assessment metals coliform river rehabilitation |
| url | http://www.aimspress.com/article/10.3934/environsci.2020035?viewType=HTML |
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