Mitigating the Impact of Blockages in Millimeter-Wave Vehicular Networks Through Vehicular Relays
With the high data rates and ultra-low latency it provides, millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications will be a key enabler for future vehicular networks. However, due to high penetration losses and high mobility, mmWave links experience frequent blockages. We present an analytical framework to evalua...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2021-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9501036/ |
| _version_ | 1818620134948864000 |
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| author | Caglar Tunc Shivendra S. Panwar |
| author_facet | Caglar Tunc Shivendra S. Panwar |
| author_sort | Caglar Tunc |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With the high data rates and ultra-low latency it provides, millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications will be a key enabler for future vehicular networks. However, due to high penetration losses and high mobility, mmWave links experience frequent blockages. We present an analytical framework to evaluate the performance of vehicular relaying, where vehicles on a highway exchange data with the network, either over direct vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) links with roadside units or a combination of a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) sidelink and a V2I link. Both V2V and V2I line-of-sight links can be blocked by other vehicles. We establish continuous-time Markov chain models of the blockage events that V2I links and vehicular relays experience, and use their steady-state solution to obtain analytical expressions for the blockage probability, average blockage duration and the SINR distribution. We demonstrate through numerical examples that relays are helpful, especially when the traffic density is high, since they can provide intermittent but more frequent connection opportunities and reduce the blockage duration. We show that relays that are far from a vehicle only have a marginal benefit since they are blocked with higher probability, compared to the closer relays. The proposed analytical framework enables fast and accurate assessment of a given deployment scenario, which will benefit researchers exploring mmWave-enabled vehicular networks. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T17:48:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-73b86074e9ca479d93185440399e62a1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2687-7813 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T17:48:33Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems |
| spelling | doaj.art-73b86074e9ca479d93185440399e62a12022-12-21T22:22:22ZengIEEEIEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems2687-78132021-01-01222523910.1109/OJITS.2021.31008569501036Mitigating the Impact of Blockages in Millimeter-Wave Vehicular Networks Through Vehicular RelaysCaglar Tunc0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8344-3197Shivendra S. Panwar1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9822-6838Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USAWith the high data rates and ultra-low latency it provides, millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications will be a key enabler for future vehicular networks. However, due to high penetration losses and high mobility, mmWave links experience frequent blockages. We present an analytical framework to evaluate the performance of vehicular relaying, where vehicles on a highway exchange data with the network, either over direct vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) links with roadside units or a combination of a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) sidelink and a V2I link. Both V2V and V2I line-of-sight links can be blocked by other vehicles. We establish continuous-time Markov chain models of the blockage events that V2I links and vehicular relays experience, and use their steady-state solution to obtain analytical expressions for the blockage probability, average blockage duration and the SINR distribution. We demonstrate through numerical examples that relays are helpful, especially when the traffic density is high, since they can provide intermittent but more frequent connection opportunities and reduce the blockage duration. We show that relays that are far from a vehicle only have a marginal benefit since they are blocked with higher probability, compared to the closer relays. The proposed analytical framework enables fast and accurate assessment of a given deployment scenario, which will benefit researchers exploring mmWave-enabled vehicular networks.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9501036/LatencyMarkov analysismillimeter wave (mmWave) communicationsrelay nodesvehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks |
| spellingShingle | Caglar Tunc Shivendra S. Panwar Mitigating the Impact of Blockages in Millimeter-Wave Vehicular Networks Through Vehicular Relays IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems Latency Markov analysis millimeter wave (mmWave) communications relay nodes vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks |
| title | Mitigating the Impact of Blockages in Millimeter-Wave Vehicular Networks Through Vehicular Relays |
| title_full | Mitigating the Impact of Blockages in Millimeter-Wave Vehicular Networks Through Vehicular Relays |
| title_fullStr | Mitigating the Impact of Blockages in Millimeter-Wave Vehicular Networks Through Vehicular Relays |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mitigating the Impact of Blockages in Millimeter-Wave Vehicular Networks Through Vehicular Relays |
| title_short | Mitigating the Impact of Blockages in Millimeter-Wave Vehicular Networks Through Vehicular Relays |
| title_sort | mitigating the impact of blockages in millimeter wave vehicular networks through vehicular relays |
| topic | Latency Markov analysis millimeter wave (mmWave) communications relay nodes vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9501036/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT caglartunc mitigatingtheimpactofblockagesinmillimeterwavevehicularnetworksthroughvehicularrelays AT shivendraspanwar mitigatingtheimpactofblockagesinmillimeterwavevehicularnetworksthroughvehicularrelays |