Child Overweight or Obesity Is Associated with Modifiable and Geographic Factors in Vietnam: Implications for Program Design and Targeting
Child overweight or obesity is increasing in most countries, including Vietnam. We sought to elucidate the drivers of child overweight or obesity in Vietnam and understand how they vary geographically. We compiled nationally representative cross-sectional data from the Vietnam Nutrition Surveillance...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/5/1286 |
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| author | Ty Beal Tuyen Danh Le Huong Thi Trinh Dharani Dhar Burra Christophe Béné Tuyen Thi Thanh Huynh Mai Tuyet Truong Son Duy Nguyen Do Thanh Tran Kien Tri Nguyen Ha Thi Thu Hoang Stef de Haan Andrew D. Jones |
| author_facet | Ty Beal Tuyen Danh Le Huong Thi Trinh Dharani Dhar Burra Christophe Béné Tuyen Thi Thanh Huynh Mai Tuyet Truong Son Duy Nguyen Do Thanh Tran Kien Tri Nguyen Ha Thi Thu Hoang Stef de Haan Andrew D. Jones |
| author_sort | Ty Beal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Child overweight or obesity is increasing in most countries, including Vietnam. We sought to elucidate the drivers of child overweight or obesity in Vietnam and understand how they vary geographically. We compiled nationally representative cross-sectional data from the Vietnam Nutrition Surveillance Survey collected annually between 2012–2015 and household income data from the General Statistics Office. We used a quasi-Poisson log link function to calculate relative risks (RRs) of under-five child overweight or obesity for 13 variables and stratified analyses by child age (<2 y and 2–5 y) and region. Additional analysis included log-log linear regression to assess the relationship between average provincial monthly per capita income and child overweight or obesity. The strongest associations with child overweight or obesity included birthweight >4000 g (RR: 1.66; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.48, 1.86), maternal body mass index (BMI) ≥27.5 compared with BMI <23 (RR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.47, 1.78), and living in the Southeast (RR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.84, 2.30), Mekong River Delta (RR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.41, 1.77), or Central South (RR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.37, 1.74) compared with the Central Highland. A 20% higher provincial average monthly per capita income was associated with a 17.4% higher prevalence in child overweight or obesity (<i>P</i> <0.0001, Adjusted R<sup>2</sup> = 0.36). High birthweight and maternal BMI were strongly associated with child overweight or obesity but are not likely primary drivers in Vietnam, given their low prevalence. C-section delivery, sedentary lifestyle, high maternal education, urbanicity, and high household income affect a large proportion of the population and are, therefore, important risk factors. Policies and programs should target these factors and regions at greatest risk of overweight or obesity, particularly the Southeast and Mekong River Delta. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:06:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-73b9a7fcb77a4d4e9caf5e02c3bb994a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:06:32Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-73b9a7fcb77a4d4e9caf5e02c3bb994a2023-11-19T23:15:05ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432020-05-01125128610.3390/nu12051286Child Overweight or Obesity Is Associated with Modifiable and Geographic Factors in Vietnam: Implications for Program Design and TargetingTy Beal0Tuyen Danh Le1Huong Thi Trinh2Dharani Dhar Burra3Christophe Béné4Tuyen Thi Thanh Huynh5Mai Tuyet Truong6Son Duy Nguyen7Do Thanh Tran8Kien Tri Nguyen9Ha Thi Thu Hoang10Stef de Haan11Andrew D. Jones12Knowledge Leadership, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), 1701 Rhode Island Ave NW, Washington, DC 20036, USANational Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hanoi 100000, VietnamInternational Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)-Asia Office, Hanoi 100000, VietnamInternational Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)-Asia Office, Hanoi 100000, VietnamInternational Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali 763537, ColumbiaInternational Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)-Asia Office, Hanoi 100000, VietnamNational Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hanoi 100000, VietnamNational Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hanoi 100000, VietnamNational Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hanoi 100000, VietnamInternational Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)-Asia Office, Hanoi 100000, VietnamDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, Thuongmai University, Hanoi 100000, VietnamInternational Potato Center (CIP), Lima 15023, PeruDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAChild overweight or obesity is increasing in most countries, including Vietnam. We sought to elucidate the drivers of child overweight or obesity in Vietnam and understand how they vary geographically. We compiled nationally representative cross-sectional data from the Vietnam Nutrition Surveillance Survey collected annually between 2012–2015 and household income data from the General Statistics Office. We used a quasi-Poisson log link function to calculate relative risks (RRs) of under-five child overweight or obesity for 13 variables and stratified analyses by child age (<2 y and 2–5 y) and region. Additional analysis included log-log linear regression to assess the relationship between average provincial monthly per capita income and child overweight or obesity. The strongest associations with child overweight or obesity included birthweight >4000 g (RR: 1.66; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.48, 1.86), maternal body mass index (BMI) ≥27.5 compared with BMI <23 (RR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.47, 1.78), and living in the Southeast (RR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.84, 2.30), Mekong River Delta (RR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.41, 1.77), or Central South (RR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.37, 1.74) compared with the Central Highland. A 20% higher provincial average monthly per capita income was associated with a 17.4% higher prevalence in child overweight or obesity (<i>P</i> <0.0001, Adjusted R<sup>2</sup> = 0.36). High birthweight and maternal BMI were strongly associated with child overweight or obesity but are not likely primary drivers in Vietnam, given their low prevalence. C-section delivery, sedentary lifestyle, high maternal education, urbanicity, and high household income affect a large proportion of the population and are, therefore, important risk factors. Policies and programs should target these factors and regions at greatest risk of overweight or obesity, particularly the Southeast and Mekong River Delta.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/5/1286overweightobesitychildreninfantsbody mass indexweight |
| spellingShingle | Ty Beal Tuyen Danh Le Huong Thi Trinh Dharani Dhar Burra Christophe Béné Tuyen Thi Thanh Huynh Mai Tuyet Truong Son Duy Nguyen Do Thanh Tran Kien Tri Nguyen Ha Thi Thu Hoang Stef de Haan Andrew D. Jones Child Overweight or Obesity Is Associated with Modifiable and Geographic Factors in Vietnam: Implications for Program Design and Targeting Nutrients overweight obesity children infants body mass index weight |
| title | Child Overweight or Obesity Is Associated with Modifiable and Geographic Factors in Vietnam: Implications for Program Design and Targeting |
| title_full | Child Overweight or Obesity Is Associated with Modifiable and Geographic Factors in Vietnam: Implications for Program Design and Targeting |
| title_fullStr | Child Overweight or Obesity Is Associated with Modifiable and Geographic Factors in Vietnam: Implications for Program Design and Targeting |
| title_full_unstemmed | Child Overweight or Obesity Is Associated with Modifiable and Geographic Factors in Vietnam: Implications for Program Design and Targeting |
| title_short | Child Overweight or Obesity Is Associated with Modifiable and Geographic Factors in Vietnam: Implications for Program Design and Targeting |
| title_sort | child overweight or obesity is associated with modifiable and geographic factors in vietnam implications for program design and targeting |
| topic | overweight obesity children infants body mass index weight |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/5/1286 |
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