Turfgrass Use on US Golf Courses
Golf facilities account for 2.3 million acres in the United States. Numerous turfgrass species are managed on US golf facilities, but golf facilities may change turfgrasses depending on numerous variables. Knowing which turfgrasses are grown and how turfgrass selection has changed would provide impo...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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American Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS)
2023-07-01
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| Series: | HortTechnology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.ashs.org/horttech/view/journals/horttech/33/4/article-p367.xml |
| _version_ | 1797752202647830528 |
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| author | Travis W. Shaddox J. Bryan Unruh Mark E. Johnson Clark D. Brown Greg Stacey |
| author_facet | Travis W. Shaddox J. Bryan Unruh Mark E. Johnson Clark D. Brown Greg Stacey |
| author_sort | Travis W. Shaddox |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Golf facilities account for 2.3 million acres in the United States. Numerous turfgrass species are managed on US golf facilities, but golf facilities may change turfgrasses depending on numerous variables. Knowing which turfgrasses are grown and how turfgrass selection has changed would provide important information to scientists, turfgrass managers, and policymakers. The objective of this survey was to measure turfgrass use on US golf facilities in 2021 and to determine whether changes in turfgrass selection have occurred since 2005. A survey was developed and distributed via e-mail to 13,938 US golf facilities, with 1861 responding. From 2005 to 2021, the total projected area of maintained turfgrass on US golf facilities decreased by 14.2%, which was likely a result of course closures and maintenance operations. Nationally, bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) remained the most common warm- and cool-season turfgrasses, respectively. The area of winter-overseeded turfgrass declined by 60% between 2005 and 2021. The percentage of golf facilities that used zoysiagrass (Zoysia sp.) and seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) increased depending on region and specific playing surface, albeit a pragmatically minor increase. In general, turfgrass selection on golf facilities in northern climates did not change, whereas turfgrass selection in southern climates favored a change from cool- to warm-season species, depending on the playing surface. Whether in historically cool-season or warm-season regions, it appears that many golf facilities are exploring alternatives to their traditional turfgrass species. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T16:59:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-73c0cce328c940618d59bda0cddb3fc6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1943-7714 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T16:59:49Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | American Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | HortTechnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-73c0cce328c940618d59bda0cddb3fc62023-08-07T15:18:47ZengAmerican Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS)HortTechnology1943-77142023-07-01334https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH05238-23Turfgrass Use on US Golf Courses Travis W. Shaddox0J. Bryan Unruh1Mark E. Johnson2Clark D. Brown3Greg Stacey4Bluegrass Art and ScienceUniversity of FloridaGolf Course Superintendents Association of AmericaNational Golf FoundationGolf Course Superintendents Association of AmericaGolf facilities account for 2.3 million acres in the United States. Numerous turfgrass species are managed on US golf facilities, but golf facilities may change turfgrasses depending on numerous variables. Knowing which turfgrasses are grown and how turfgrass selection has changed would provide important information to scientists, turfgrass managers, and policymakers. The objective of this survey was to measure turfgrass use on US golf facilities in 2021 and to determine whether changes in turfgrass selection have occurred since 2005. A survey was developed and distributed via e-mail to 13,938 US golf facilities, with 1861 responding. From 2005 to 2021, the total projected area of maintained turfgrass on US golf facilities decreased by 14.2%, which was likely a result of course closures and maintenance operations. Nationally, bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) remained the most common warm- and cool-season turfgrasses, respectively. The area of winter-overseeded turfgrass declined by 60% between 2005 and 2021. The percentage of golf facilities that used zoysiagrass (Zoysia sp.) and seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) increased depending on region and specific playing surface, albeit a pragmatically minor increase. In general, turfgrass selection on golf facilities in northern climates did not change, whereas turfgrass selection in southern climates favored a change from cool- to warm-season species, depending on the playing surface. Whether in historically cool-season or warm-season regions, it appears that many golf facilities are exploring alternatives to their traditional turfgrass species.https://journals.ashs.org/horttech/view/journals/horttech/33/4/article-p367.xmlannual bluegrassbentgrassbermudagrassbuffalograssfine fescuekentucky bluegrassperennial ryegrassseashore paspalumtall fescuezoysiagrass |
| spellingShingle | Travis W. Shaddox J. Bryan Unruh Mark E. Johnson Clark D. Brown Greg Stacey Turfgrass Use on US Golf Courses HortTechnology annual bluegrass bentgrass bermudagrass buffalograss fine fescue kentucky bluegrass perennial ryegrass seashore paspalum tall fescue zoysiagrass |
| title | Turfgrass Use on US Golf Courses |
| title_full | Turfgrass Use on US Golf Courses |
| title_fullStr | Turfgrass Use on US Golf Courses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Turfgrass Use on US Golf Courses |
| title_short | Turfgrass Use on US Golf Courses |
| title_sort | turfgrass use on us golf courses |
| topic | annual bluegrass bentgrass bermudagrass buffalograss fine fescue kentucky bluegrass perennial ryegrass seashore paspalum tall fescue zoysiagrass |
| url | https://journals.ashs.org/horttech/view/journals/horttech/33/4/article-p367.xml |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT traviswshaddox turfgrassuseonusgolfcourses AT jbryanunruh turfgrassuseonusgolfcourses AT markejohnson turfgrassuseonusgolfcourses AT clarkdbrown turfgrassuseonusgolfcourses AT gregstacey turfgrassuseonusgolfcourses |