Characterization of organic aerosols from a Chinese megacity during winter: predominance of fossil fuel combustion
<p>PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span> aerosol samples were collected from the Chinese megacity of Nanjing (32.21<span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span> N, 118.73<span class="inline...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2019-04-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/19/5147/2019/acp-19-5147-2019.pdf |
| _version_ | 1811236461312212992 |
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| author | Md. M. Haque Md. M. Haque Md. M. Haque K. Kawamura D. K. Deshmukh C. Fang C. Fang W. Song W. Song B. Mengying B. Mengying Y.-L. Zhang Y.-L. Zhang |
| author_facet | Md. M. Haque Md. M. Haque Md. M. Haque K. Kawamura D. K. Deshmukh C. Fang C. Fang W. Song W. Song B. Mengying B. Mengying Y.-L. Zhang Y.-L. Zhang |
| author_sort | Md. M. Haque |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span> aerosol samples were collected from the Chinese megacity of
Nanjing (32.21<span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span> N, 118.73<span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span> E) during winter and analyzed
for a total of 127 compounds from 12 organic compound classes. The most
abundant classes of compounds were <span class="inline-formula"><i>n</i></span>-alkanes (mean concentration of
205 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>), followed by fatty acids (76.3 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>), polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; 64.3 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>),
anhydrosugars (56.3 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>),
fatty alcohols (40.5 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>) and phthalate esters
(15.2 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>), whereas hydroxy-/polyacids (8.33 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>),
aromatic acids (7.35 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>), hopanes (4.19 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>), primary
sugars and sugar alcohols (4.15 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>), lignin and resin products
(2.94 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>), and steranes (2.46 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>) were less abundant.
The carbon preference index of <span class="inline-formula"><i>n</i></span>-alkanes (0.83–1.38) indicated that they
had a strong fossil fuel combustion origin. Diagnostic concentration ratios
of organic tracers suggested that PAHs and hopanes originated mostly from
coal burning and traffic emissions, respectively, in the Nanjing urban area.
Positive matrix factorization analysis demonstrated that fossil fuel combustion was the major pollution
source (28.7 %), followed by emissions from biomass burning (17.1 %),
soil dust (14.5 %) and plastic burning (6.83 %)
for Nanjing winter aerosols, although the contribution of secondary oxidation products
(32.9 %) was the most abundant. Most of the compounds
generally showed higher concentrations at nighttime compared with daytime;
this was due to the accumulation process associated with inversion layers and
the enhancement of emissions from heavy trucks at night. We conclude that
fossil fuel combustion largely influences the winter organic aerosols in
urban Nanjing. Based on the comparison of this study's results with previous
research, we found that pollution levels in organic aerosols have decreased
in the urban Nanjing atmosphere over the last decade.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T12:09:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-73c926dbc4b247d1aaa00b69b960e046 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T12:09:07Z |
| publishDate | 2019-04-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-73c926dbc4b247d1aaa00b69b960e0462022-12-22T03:33:37ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242019-04-01195147516410.5194/acp-19-5147-2019Characterization of organic aerosols from a Chinese megacity during winter: predominance of fossil fuel combustionMd. M. Haque0Md. M. Haque1Md. M. Haque2K. Kawamura3D. K. Deshmukh4C. Fang5C. Fang6W. Song7W. Song8B. Mengying9B. Mengying10Y.-L. Zhang11Y.-L. Zhang12Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Department of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaChubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, JapanKey Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaChubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, JapanChubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, JapanYale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Department of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaKey Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaYale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Department of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaKey Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaYale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Department of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaKey Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaYale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Department of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaKey Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China<p>PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span> aerosol samples were collected from the Chinese megacity of Nanjing (32.21<span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span> N, 118.73<span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span> E) during winter and analyzed for a total of 127 compounds from 12 organic compound classes. The most abundant classes of compounds were <span class="inline-formula"><i>n</i></span>-alkanes (mean concentration of 205 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>), followed by fatty acids (76.3 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; 64.3 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>), anhydrosugars (56.3 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>), fatty alcohols (40.5 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>) and phthalate esters (15.2 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>), whereas hydroxy-/polyacids (8.33 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>), aromatic acids (7.35 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>), hopanes (4.19 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>), primary sugars and sugar alcohols (4.15 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>), lignin and resin products (2.94 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>), and steranes (2.46 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>) were less abundant. The carbon preference index of <span class="inline-formula"><i>n</i></span>-alkanes (0.83–1.38) indicated that they had a strong fossil fuel combustion origin. Diagnostic concentration ratios of organic tracers suggested that PAHs and hopanes originated mostly from coal burning and traffic emissions, respectively, in the Nanjing urban area. Positive matrix factorization analysis demonstrated that fossil fuel combustion was the major pollution source (28.7 %), followed by emissions from biomass burning (17.1 %), soil dust (14.5 %) and plastic burning (6.83 %) for Nanjing winter aerosols, although the contribution of secondary oxidation products (32.9 %) was the most abundant. Most of the compounds generally showed higher concentrations at nighttime compared with daytime; this was due to the accumulation process associated with inversion layers and the enhancement of emissions from heavy trucks at night. We conclude that fossil fuel combustion largely influences the winter organic aerosols in urban Nanjing. Based on the comparison of this study's results with previous research, we found that pollution levels in organic aerosols have decreased in the urban Nanjing atmosphere over the last decade.</p>https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/19/5147/2019/acp-19-5147-2019.pdf |
| spellingShingle | Md. M. Haque Md. M. Haque Md. M. Haque K. Kawamura D. K. Deshmukh C. Fang C. Fang W. Song W. Song B. Mengying B. Mengying Y.-L. Zhang Y.-L. Zhang Characterization of organic aerosols from a Chinese megacity during winter: predominance of fossil fuel combustion Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Characterization of organic aerosols from a Chinese megacity during winter: predominance of fossil fuel combustion |
| title_full | Characterization of organic aerosols from a Chinese megacity during winter: predominance of fossil fuel combustion |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of organic aerosols from a Chinese megacity during winter: predominance of fossil fuel combustion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of organic aerosols from a Chinese megacity during winter: predominance of fossil fuel combustion |
| title_short | Characterization of organic aerosols from a Chinese megacity during winter: predominance of fossil fuel combustion |
| title_sort | characterization of organic aerosols from a chinese megacity during winter predominance of fossil fuel combustion |
| url | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/19/5147/2019/acp-19-5147-2019.pdf |
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