Stress and Female Reproductive System: Disruption of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/Opiate Balance by Sympathetic Nerve Traffic
Nowadays stress is an integral part of everyday living and the physiological and behavioral consequences of exposure to stressful situations have been extensively studied for decades. The stress response is a necessary mechanism but disrupts homeostatic process and it is sub served by a complex syst...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
2009-09-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Family and Reproductive Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/70 |
| _version_ | 1798029777143070720 |
|---|---|
| author | Farideh Zafari Zangeneh |
| author_facet | Farideh Zafari Zangeneh |
| author_sort | Farideh Zafari Zangeneh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nowadays stress is an integral part of everyday living and the physiological and behavioral consequences of exposure to stressful situations have been extensively studied for decades. The stress response is a necessary mechanism but disrupts homeostatic process and it is sub served by a complex system located in both the central nervous system (CNS) and the periphery. Stressor-induced activation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) results in a series of neural and endocrine adaptations known as the "stress response" or "stress cascade." The stress cascade is responsible for allowing the body to make the necessary physiological and metabolic changes required to cope with the demands of a homeostatic challenge. Normal activation of the HPA axis is essential for reproduction, growth, metabolic homeostasis, and responses to stress and they are critical for adapting to changes in the external environment. The regulation of gonadal function in men and women is under the control of the HPA. This regulation is complex and sex steroids are important regulators of GnRH and gonadotropin release through classical feedback mechanisms in the hypothalamus and the pituitary. The present overview focuses on the neuroendocrine infrastructure of the adaptive response to stress and its effects on the female reproductive system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T19:29:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-73cb973ab4d6472c8bcf76a40459e69e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1735-8949 1735-9392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T19:29:44Z |
| publishDate | 2009-09-01 |
| publisher | Tehran University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Family and Reproductive Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-73cb973ab4d6472c8bcf76a40459e69e2022-12-22T04:07:01ZengTehran University of Medical SciencesJournal of Family and Reproductive Health1735-89491735-93922009-09-013370Stress and Female Reproductive System: Disruption of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/Opiate Balance by Sympathetic Nerve TrafficFarideh Zafari Zangeneh0Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran, IranNowadays stress is an integral part of everyday living and the physiological and behavioral consequences of exposure to stressful situations have been extensively studied for decades. The stress response is a necessary mechanism but disrupts homeostatic process and it is sub served by a complex system located in both the central nervous system (CNS) and the periphery. Stressor-induced activation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) results in a series of neural and endocrine adaptations known as the "stress response" or "stress cascade." The stress cascade is responsible for allowing the body to make the necessary physiological and metabolic changes required to cope with the demands of a homeostatic challenge. Normal activation of the HPA axis is essential for reproduction, growth, metabolic homeostasis, and responses to stress and they are critical for adapting to changes in the external environment. The regulation of gonadal function in men and women is under the control of the HPA. This regulation is complex and sex steroids are important regulators of GnRH and gonadotropin release through classical feedback mechanisms in the hypothalamus and the pituitary. The present overview focuses on the neuroendocrine infrastructure of the adaptive response to stress and its effects on the female reproductive system.https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/70StressHypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axisCorticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)Norepinephrine (NE)Opioid systemLuteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) |
| spellingShingle | Farideh Zafari Zangeneh Stress and Female Reproductive System: Disruption of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/Opiate Balance by Sympathetic Nerve Traffic Journal of Family and Reproductive Health Stress Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) Norepinephrine (NE) Opioid system Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) |
| title | Stress and Female Reproductive System: Disruption of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/Opiate Balance by Sympathetic Nerve Traffic |
| title_full | Stress and Female Reproductive System: Disruption of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/Opiate Balance by Sympathetic Nerve Traffic |
| title_fullStr | Stress and Female Reproductive System: Disruption of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/Opiate Balance by Sympathetic Nerve Traffic |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stress and Female Reproductive System: Disruption of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/Opiate Balance by Sympathetic Nerve Traffic |
| title_short | Stress and Female Reproductive System: Disruption of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/Opiate Balance by Sympathetic Nerve Traffic |
| title_sort | stress and female reproductive system disruption of corticotropin releasing hormone opiate balance by sympathetic nerve traffic |
| topic | Stress Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) Norepinephrine (NE) Opioid system Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) |
| url | https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/70 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT faridehzafarizangeneh stressandfemalereproductivesystemdisruptionofcorticotropinreleasinghormoneopiatebalancebysympatheticnervetraffic |