A Coupled Human and Natural Systems Framework to Characterize Emerging Infectious Diseases—The Case of Fibropapillomatosis in Marine Turtles
Emerging infectious diseases of wildlife have markedly increased in the last few decades. Unsustainable, continuous, and rapid alterations within and between coupled human and natural systems have significantly disrupted wildlife disease dynamics. Direct and indirect anthropogenic effects, such as c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/9/1441 |
| _version_ | 1797603139912728576 |
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| author | Costanza Manes Raymond R. Carthy Vanessa Hull |
| author_facet | Costanza Manes Raymond R. Carthy Vanessa Hull |
| author_sort | Costanza Manes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Emerging infectious diseases of wildlife have markedly increased in the last few decades. Unsustainable, continuous, and rapid alterations within and between coupled human and natural systems have significantly disrupted wildlife disease dynamics. Direct and indirect anthropogenic effects, such as climate change, pollution, encroachment, urbanization, travel, and trade, can promote outbreaks of infectious diseases in wildlife. We constructed a coupled human and natural systems framework identifying three main wildlife disease risk factors behind these anthropogenic effects: (i) immune suppression, (ii) viral spillover, and (iii) disease propagation. Through complex and convoluted dynamics, each of the anthropogenic effects and activities listed in our framework can lead, to some extent, to one or more of the identified risk factors accelerating disease outbreaks in wildlife. In this review, we present a novel framework to study anthropogenic effects within coupled human and natural systems that facilitate the emergence of infectious disease involving wildlife. We demonstrate the utility of the framework by applying it to Fibropapillomatosis disease of marine turtles. We aim to articulate the intricate and complex nature of anthropogenically exacerbated wildlife infectious diseases as multifactorial. This paper supports the adoption of a One Health approach and invites the integration of multiple disciplines for the achievement of effective and long-lasting conservation and the mitigation of wildlife emerging diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:25:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-73d4bd8cb7a747e4b0c3c207b03f97bb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:25:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-73d4bd8cb7a747e4b0c3c207b03f97bb2023-11-17T22:29:09ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-04-01139144110.3390/ani13091441A Coupled Human and Natural Systems Framework to Characterize Emerging Infectious Diseases—The Case of Fibropapillomatosis in Marine TurtlesCostanza Manes0Raymond R. Carthy1Vanessa Hull2Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USADepartment of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USADepartment of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USAEmerging infectious diseases of wildlife have markedly increased in the last few decades. Unsustainable, continuous, and rapid alterations within and between coupled human and natural systems have significantly disrupted wildlife disease dynamics. Direct and indirect anthropogenic effects, such as climate change, pollution, encroachment, urbanization, travel, and trade, can promote outbreaks of infectious diseases in wildlife. We constructed a coupled human and natural systems framework identifying three main wildlife disease risk factors behind these anthropogenic effects: (i) immune suppression, (ii) viral spillover, and (iii) disease propagation. Through complex and convoluted dynamics, each of the anthropogenic effects and activities listed in our framework can lead, to some extent, to one or more of the identified risk factors accelerating disease outbreaks in wildlife. In this review, we present a novel framework to study anthropogenic effects within coupled human and natural systems that facilitate the emergence of infectious disease involving wildlife. We demonstrate the utility of the framework by applying it to Fibropapillomatosis disease of marine turtles. We aim to articulate the intricate and complex nature of anthropogenically exacerbated wildlife infectious diseases as multifactorial. This paper supports the adoption of a One Health approach and invites the integration of multiple disciplines for the achievement of effective and long-lasting conservation and the mitigation of wildlife emerging diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/9/1441wildlifeinfectious diseasesanthropogenic effectsconservationEIDsCHANS |
| spellingShingle | Costanza Manes Raymond R. Carthy Vanessa Hull A Coupled Human and Natural Systems Framework to Characterize Emerging Infectious Diseases—The Case of Fibropapillomatosis in Marine Turtles Animals wildlife infectious diseases anthropogenic effects conservation EIDs CHANS |
| title | A Coupled Human and Natural Systems Framework to Characterize Emerging Infectious Diseases—The Case of Fibropapillomatosis in Marine Turtles |
| title_full | A Coupled Human and Natural Systems Framework to Characterize Emerging Infectious Diseases—The Case of Fibropapillomatosis in Marine Turtles |
| title_fullStr | A Coupled Human and Natural Systems Framework to Characterize Emerging Infectious Diseases—The Case of Fibropapillomatosis in Marine Turtles |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Coupled Human and Natural Systems Framework to Characterize Emerging Infectious Diseases—The Case of Fibropapillomatosis in Marine Turtles |
| title_short | A Coupled Human and Natural Systems Framework to Characterize Emerging Infectious Diseases—The Case of Fibropapillomatosis in Marine Turtles |
| title_sort | coupled human and natural systems framework to characterize emerging infectious diseases the case of fibropapillomatosis in marine turtles |
| topic | wildlife infectious diseases anthropogenic effects conservation EIDs CHANS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/9/1441 |
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