Sensitivity Comparison of Refractive Index Transducer Optical Fiber Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance Using Ag, Cu, and Bimetallic Ag–Cu Layer
A single-mode optical fiber sensor uses surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with a bimetallic silver−copper (Ag−Cu) coating compared to a single layer of Ag and Cu itself. Bimetallic Ag−Cu sensors are constructed by simple fabrication on a side-polished optical fiber, follo...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Micromachines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/11/1/77 |
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| author | Rozalina Zakaria Nur Aina’a Mardhiah Zainuddin Sofiah Athirah Raya Siti Anis Khairani Alwi Toni Anwar Aliza Sarlan Kawsar Ahmed Iraj Sadegh Amiri |
| author_facet | Rozalina Zakaria Nur Aina’a Mardhiah Zainuddin Sofiah Athirah Raya Siti Anis Khairani Alwi Toni Anwar Aliza Sarlan Kawsar Ahmed Iraj Sadegh Amiri |
| author_sort | Rozalina Zakaria |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A single-mode optical fiber sensor uses surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with a bimetallic silver−copper (Ag−Cu) coating compared to a single layer of Ag and Cu itself. Bimetallic Ag−Cu sensors are constructed by simple fabrication on a side-polished optical fiber, followed by an electron beam evaporation of Ag and Cu films. For this investigation, the thickness of the single Ag layer was set to 30 nm and the single Cu layer was set to 30 nm; whereas for the bimetallic combined Ag−Cu layer the thickness of Ag was 7 nm and Cu 23 nm. The sensor performance was analyzed and compared experimentally and numerically using the COMSOL Multiphysics. A white light source was used with a broad optical bandwidth to provide a range of wavelengths to the optical fiber. The characteristics of the thin layers of Ag, Cu, and Ag−Cu as alcohol sensors were evaluated. We found that Cu was the most sensitive metallic layer compared to the Ag and the bimetallic Ag−Cu layers. For a 100% alcohol concentration, Cu showed a sensitivity of 425 nm/RIU followed by the bimetallic Ag−Cu layer with 108.33 nm/RIU, whereas the Ag layer was not detected. Interestingly, sensitivity reached saturation beyond the 20 nm thick layer of Ag. This shows that the Cu and the bimetallic Ag−Cu layers are suitable for an alcohol-based optical sensor. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T02:08:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-73d7494ab5ee47ba9cd78665ada3af0d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T02:08:50Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj.art-73d7494ab5ee47ba9cd78665ada3af0d2022-12-21T19:57:07ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2020-01-011117710.3390/mi11010077mi11010077Sensitivity Comparison of Refractive Index Transducer Optical Fiber Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance Using Ag, Cu, and Bimetallic Ag–Cu LayerRozalina Zakaria0Nur Aina’a Mardhiah Zainuddin1Sofiah Athirah Raya2Siti Anis Khairani Alwi3Toni Anwar4Aliza Sarlan5Kawsar Ahmed6Iraj Sadegh Amiri7Photonics Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaPhotonics Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaPhotonics Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaPhotonics Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaDepartment of Computer and Information Science (DCIS), Faculty of Science and Information Technology (FSIT), Universiti Teknologi Petronas (UTP), Seri Iskandar 32610, MalaysiaDepartment of Computer and Information Science (DCIS), Faculty of Science and Information Technology (FSIT), Universiti Teknologi Petronas (UTP), Seri Iskandar 32610, MalaysiaDepartment of Information and Communication Technology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail 1902, BangladeshComputational Optics Research Group, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, VietnamA single-mode optical fiber sensor uses surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with a bimetallic silver−copper (Ag−Cu) coating compared to a single layer of Ag and Cu itself. Bimetallic Ag−Cu sensors are constructed by simple fabrication on a side-polished optical fiber, followed by an electron beam evaporation of Ag and Cu films. For this investigation, the thickness of the single Ag layer was set to 30 nm and the single Cu layer was set to 30 nm; whereas for the bimetallic combined Ag−Cu layer the thickness of Ag was 7 nm and Cu 23 nm. The sensor performance was analyzed and compared experimentally and numerically using the COMSOL Multiphysics. A white light source was used with a broad optical bandwidth to provide a range of wavelengths to the optical fiber. The characteristics of the thin layers of Ag, Cu, and Ag−Cu as alcohol sensors were evaluated. We found that Cu was the most sensitive metallic layer compared to the Ag and the bimetallic Ag−Cu layers. For a 100% alcohol concentration, Cu showed a sensitivity of 425 nm/RIU followed by the bimetallic Ag−Cu layer with 108.33 nm/RIU, whereas the Ag layer was not detected. Interestingly, sensitivity reached saturation beyond the 20 nm thick layer of Ag. This shows that the Cu and the bimetallic Ag−Cu layers are suitable for an alcohol-based optical sensor.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/11/1/77d-shaped optical fiberbimetallic layerspralcohol sensor |
| spellingShingle | Rozalina Zakaria Nur Aina’a Mardhiah Zainuddin Sofiah Athirah Raya Siti Anis Khairani Alwi Toni Anwar Aliza Sarlan Kawsar Ahmed Iraj Sadegh Amiri Sensitivity Comparison of Refractive Index Transducer Optical Fiber Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance Using Ag, Cu, and Bimetallic Ag–Cu Layer Micromachines d-shaped optical fiber bimetallic layer spr alcohol sensor |
| title | Sensitivity Comparison of Refractive Index Transducer Optical Fiber Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance Using Ag, Cu, and Bimetallic Ag–Cu Layer |
| title_full | Sensitivity Comparison of Refractive Index Transducer Optical Fiber Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance Using Ag, Cu, and Bimetallic Ag–Cu Layer |
| title_fullStr | Sensitivity Comparison of Refractive Index Transducer Optical Fiber Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance Using Ag, Cu, and Bimetallic Ag–Cu Layer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sensitivity Comparison of Refractive Index Transducer Optical Fiber Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance Using Ag, Cu, and Bimetallic Ag–Cu Layer |
| title_short | Sensitivity Comparison of Refractive Index Transducer Optical Fiber Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance Using Ag, Cu, and Bimetallic Ag–Cu Layer |
| title_sort | sensitivity comparison of refractive index transducer optical fiber based on surface plasmon resonance using ag cu and bimetallic ag cu layer |
| topic | d-shaped optical fiber bimetallic layer spr alcohol sensor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/11/1/77 |
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