Chin Morphology in Relation to the Skeletal Pattern, Age, Gender, and Ethnicity
Chin morphology is visually impactful and significantly influences harmonious facial appearance. Therefore, it is important to know the morphological characteristics of the chin in relation to gender and skeletal pattern when performing an orthodontic and surgical orthognathic treatment. This study...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/24/12717 |
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| author | Yuka Okumura So Koizumi Yuki Suginouchi Yu Hikita Yong-Il Kim Mohamed Adel Mohamed Nadim Tetsutaro Yamaguchi |
| author_facet | Yuka Okumura So Koizumi Yuki Suginouchi Yu Hikita Yong-Il Kim Mohamed Adel Mohamed Nadim Tetsutaro Yamaguchi |
| author_sort | Yuka Okumura |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chin morphology is visually impactful and significantly influences harmonious facial appearance. Therefore, it is important to know the morphological characteristics of the chin in relation to gender and skeletal pattern when performing an orthodontic and surgical orthognathic treatment. This study aimed to examine the relationship between chin size, skeletal pattern, age, gender, and ethnicity. In this study, cone-beam computed tomography images of 208 participants (males: 90, females: 118; 63 Koreans and 145 Egyptians), aged 18 years and older, were used to evaluate the size of the chin in linear dimension, volume, and skeletal pattern. The larger the vertical skeletal pattern, the larger the chin volume and the smaller the width (<i>p</i> < 0.01). In the anteroposterior skeletal pattern, Class III showed a larger volume than that of Class II and Class I (<i>p</i> < 0.01). There was no significant association between age and any of the chin-related measurements. Regarding gender, all measurements of chins were larger for men than for women (<i>p</i> < 0.01). In terms of ethnicity, Koreans had larger chin volumes than Egyptians <i>p</i> < 0.01). Chin volume was related to population, sex, anteroposterior skeletal pattern, and vertical skeletal pattern, indicating the combined effects of various factors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:22:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-73d75fa2f913434b99217679a13dc72e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:22:09Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-73d75fa2f913434b99217679a13dc72e2023-11-24T13:03:31ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-12-0112241271710.3390/app122412717Chin Morphology in Relation to the Skeletal Pattern, Age, Gender, and EthnicityYuka Okumura0So Koizumi1Yuki Suginouchi2Yu Hikita3Yong-Il Kim4Mohamed Adel5Mohamed Nadim6Tetsutaro Yamaguchi7Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, JapanDepartment of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, JapanDepartment of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, JapanDepartment of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, JapanDepartment of Orthodontics, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of KoreaDivision of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USADepartment of Orthodontics, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, EgyptDepartment of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, JapanChin morphology is visually impactful and significantly influences harmonious facial appearance. Therefore, it is important to know the morphological characteristics of the chin in relation to gender and skeletal pattern when performing an orthodontic and surgical orthognathic treatment. This study aimed to examine the relationship between chin size, skeletal pattern, age, gender, and ethnicity. In this study, cone-beam computed tomography images of 208 participants (males: 90, females: 118; 63 Koreans and 145 Egyptians), aged 18 years and older, were used to evaluate the size of the chin in linear dimension, volume, and skeletal pattern. The larger the vertical skeletal pattern, the larger the chin volume and the smaller the width (<i>p</i> < 0.01). In the anteroposterior skeletal pattern, Class III showed a larger volume than that of Class II and Class I (<i>p</i> < 0.01). There was no significant association between age and any of the chin-related measurements. Regarding gender, all measurements of chins were larger for men than for women (<i>p</i> < 0.01). In terms of ethnicity, Koreans had larger chin volumes than Egyptians <i>p</i> < 0.01). Chin volume was related to population, sex, anteroposterior skeletal pattern, and vertical skeletal pattern, indicating the combined effects of various factors.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/24/12717chinskeletal patterncone-beam computed tomography |
| spellingShingle | Yuka Okumura So Koizumi Yuki Suginouchi Yu Hikita Yong-Il Kim Mohamed Adel Mohamed Nadim Tetsutaro Yamaguchi Chin Morphology in Relation to the Skeletal Pattern, Age, Gender, and Ethnicity Applied Sciences chin skeletal pattern cone-beam computed tomography |
| title | Chin Morphology in Relation to the Skeletal Pattern, Age, Gender, and Ethnicity |
| title_full | Chin Morphology in Relation to the Skeletal Pattern, Age, Gender, and Ethnicity |
| title_fullStr | Chin Morphology in Relation to the Skeletal Pattern, Age, Gender, and Ethnicity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chin Morphology in Relation to the Skeletal Pattern, Age, Gender, and Ethnicity |
| title_short | Chin Morphology in Relation to the Skeletal Pattern, Age, Gender, and Ethnicity |
| title_sort | chin morphology in relation to the skeletal pattern age gender and ethnicity |
| topic | chin skeletal pattern cone-beam computed tomography |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/24/12717 |
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