Secular Trends in the Size and Shape of the Scapula among the Portuguese between the 19th and the 21st Centuries
Potential secular changes in the human scapula are fundamentally unbeknownst, with most of the preceding anatomical studies focusing on long-term changes in the long bones and the skull. As such, the cardinal purpose of this study pertains to the evaluation of secular trends on the shape and size of...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/7/928 |
| _version_ | 1797590233999474688 |
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| author | Ruben Maranho Maria Teresa Ferreira Francisco Curate |
| author_facet | Ruben Maranho Maria Teresa Ferreira Francisco Curate |
| author_sort | Ruben Maranho |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Potential secular changes in the human scapula are fundamentally unbeknownst, with most of the preceding anatomical studies focusing on long-term changes in the long bones and the skull. As such, the cardinal purpose of this study pertains to the evaluation of secular trends on the shape and size of the scapula in a time period spanning from the 19th to the early 21st centuries. The study sample included 211 individuals (100 males and 111 females) from the Coimbra Identified Skeletal Collection and the 21st Century Identified Skeletal Collection. The size and shape of the scapula were evaluated using geometric morphometrics. Results show secular changes over a relatively short period of time in both the shape and size of the scapula in Portuguese nationals. Shape changes were observed in both sexes but expressed minimally, while a significant negative trend in the size of the scapula was detected in males. Scapular size decrement in males conceivably echoes general trends of the overall anatomy towards a narrower body associated with higher standards of living that include enhanced nutrition and universal healthcare, among other factors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:17:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-73d9247dd47b4374a7444a9ccc692407 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:17:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-73d9247dd47b4374a7444a9ccc6924072023-11-18T18:23:10ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372023-06-0112792810.3390/biology12070928Secular Trends in the Size and Shape of the Scapula among the Portuguese between the 19th and the 21st CenturiesRuben Maranho0Maria Teresa Ferreira1Francisco Curate2Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, PortugalLaboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, PortugalLaboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, PortugalPotential secular changes in the human scapula are fundamentally unbeknownst, with most of the preceding anatomical studies focusing on long-term changes in the long bones and the skull. As such, the cardinal purpose of this study pertains to the evaluation of secular trends on the shape and size of the scapula in a time period spanning from the 19th to the early 21st centuries. The study sample included 211 individuals (100 males and 111 females) from the Coimbra Identified Skeletal Collection and the 21st Century Identified Skeletal Collection. The size and shape of the scapula were evaluated using geometric morphometrics. Results show secular changes over a relatively short period of time in both the shape and size of the scapula in Portuguese nationals. Shape changes were observed in both sexes but expressed minimally, while a significant negative trend in the size of the scapula was detected in males. Scapular size decrement in males conceivably echoes general trends of the overall anatomy towards a narrower body associated with higher standards of living that include enhanced nutrition and universal healthcare, among other factors.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/7/928secular changeshuman scapulageometric morphometricslandmarkssemilandmarks |
| spellingShingle | Ruben Maranho Maria Teresa Ferreira Francisco Curate Secular Trends in the Size and Shape of the Scapula among the Portuguese between the 19th and the 21st Centuries Biology secular changes human scapula geometric morphometrics landmarks semilandmarks |
| title | Secular Trends in the Size and Shape of the Scapula among the Portuguese between the 19th and the 21st Centuries |
| title_full | Secular Trends in the Size and Shape of the Scapula among the Portuguese between the 19th and the 21st Centuries |
| title_fullStr | Secular Trends in the Size and Shape of the Scapula among the Portuguese between the 19th and the 21st Centuries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Secular Trends in the Size and Shape of the Scapula among the Portuguese between the 19th and the 21st Centuries |
| title_short | Secular Trends in the Size and Shape of the Scapula among the Portuguese between the 19th and the 21st Centuries |
| title_sort | secular trends in the size and shape of the scapula among the portuguese between the 19th and the 21st centuries |
| topic | secular changes human scapula geometric morphometrics landmarks semilandmarks |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/7/928 |
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