Use of shear thickening fluids in sport protection applications: a review
Nowadays, safety devices (e.g., helmets, safety barriers, body protectors, etc.) producers are developing and testing innovative smart materials to reach the ever-growing request for higher performances arising from international standards and markets. Shear thickening fluids (STFs) have attracted s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2023.1285995/full |
| _version_ | 1797596467746045952 |
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| author | Mariafederica Parisi Giuseppe La Fauci Nicola M. Pugno Nicola M. Pugno Martino Colonna Martino Colonna |
| author_facet | Mariafederica Parisi Giuseppe La Fauci Nicola M. Pugno Nicola M. Pugno Martino Colonna Martino Colonna |
| author_sort | Mariafederica Parisi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nowadays, safety devices (e.g., helmets, safety barriers, body protectors, etc.) producers are developing and testing innovative smart materials to reach the ever-growing request for higher performances arising from international standards and markets. Shear thickening fluids (STFs) have attracted special attention because of their non-linear mechanical response and high-energy dissipation effectiveness. In particular, within STF, shear thickening gels (STGs), a class of high-molecular-weight and crosslinked polymers have exhibited great stability and shear-dependent properties ascribable to the presence of dynamic boron-oxygen crosslinks within the polymeric structure. Hence, it is essential to investigate the rheological behavior of these system for their application in new flexible and impact protection devices. This review focuses on the description of the peculiar advantages of using STFs with regards to traditional materials in sport protective equipment. Moreover, the preparation and use of STFs for impact protection including all the scientific productions and the conspicuous patent literature on this field - from dilatant suspension until the latest STGs–have been reviewed in detail. Commercial helmets and body protectors containing STFs have also been reviewed and reported. Finally, the use of STGs not embedded in foams in sport helmet is also discussed and a final part on future perspective of STFs for sport protection is provided. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:50:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-73db0906f4224b46ba3a4aa23971a1c2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-8016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:50:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-73db0906f4224b46ba3a4aa23971a1c22023-11-18T08:58:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Materials2296-80162023-11-011010.3389/fmats.2023.12859951285995Use of shear thickening fluids in sport protection applications: a reviewMariafederica Parisi0Giuseppe La Fauci1Nicola M. Pugno2Nicola M. Pugno3Martino Colonna4Martino Colonna5Sport Technology LAB, Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalySport Technology LAB, Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyLaboratory for Bioinspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta, Materials & Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, ItalySchool of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United KingdomSport Technology LAB, Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyRE-SPORT srl, Bologna, ItalyNowadays, safety devices (e.g., helmets, safety barriers, body protectors, etc.) producers are developing and testing innovative smart materials to reach the ever-growing request for higher performances arising from international standards and markets. Shear thickening fluids (STFs) have attracted special attention because of their non-linear mechanical response and high-energy dissipation effectiveness. In particular, within STF, shear thickening gels (STGs), a class of high-molecular-weight and crosslinked polymers have exhibited great stability and shear-dependent properties ascribable to the presence of dynamic boron-oxygen crosslinks within the polymeric structure. Hence, it is essential to investigate the rheological behavior of these system for their application in new flexible and impact protection devices. This review focuses on the description of the peculiar advantages of using STFs with regards to traditional materials in sport protective equipment. Moreover, the preparation and use of STFs for impact protection including all the scientific productions and the conspicuous patent literature on this field - from dilatant suspension until the latest STGs–have been reviewed in detail. Commercial helmets and body protectors containing STFs have also been reviewed and reported. Finally, the use of STGs not embedded in foams in sport helmet is also discussed and a final part on future perspective of STFs for sport protection is provided.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2023.1285995/fullNon-Newtonian fluidssport protectionshear thickeningpolyborosiloxaneenergy absorption |
| spellingShingle | Mariafederica Parisi Giuseppe La Fauci Nicola M. Pugno Nicola M. Pugno Martino Colonna Martino Colonna Use of shear thickening fluids in sport protection applications: a review Frontiers in Materials Non-Newtonian fluids sport protection shear thickening polyborosiloxane energy absorption |
| title | Use of shear thickening fluids in sport protection applications: a review |
| title_full | Use of shear thickening fluids in sport protection applications: a review |
| title_fullStr | Use of shear thickening fluids in sport protection applications: a review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Use of shear thickening fluids in sport protection applications: a review |
| title_short | Use of shear thickening fluids in sport protection applications: a review |
| title_sort | use of shear thickening fluids in sport protection applications a review |
| topic | Non-Newtonian fluids sport protection shear thickening polyborosiloxane energy absorption |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2023.1285995/full |
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