Identification of hub genes associated with spermatogenesis by bioinformatics analysis
Abstract Spermatogenesis is a complex process related to male infertility. Till now, the critical genes and specific mechanisms have not been elucidated clearly. Our objective was to determine the hub genes that play a crucial role in spermatogenesis by analyzing the differentially expressed genes (...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2023-10-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45620-3 |
| _version_ | 1797647336384495616 |
|---|---|
| author | Shuang Liu Yan-chao Bian Wan-lun Wang Tong-Jia Liu Ting Zhang Yue Chang Rui Xiao Chuan-ling Zhang |
| author_facet | Shuang Liu Yan-chao Bian Wan-lun Wang Tong-Jia Liu Ting Zhang Yue Chang Rui Xiao Chuan-ling Zhang |
| author_sort | Shuang Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Spermatogenesis is a complex process related to male infertility. Till now, the critical genes and specific mechanisms have not been elucidated clearly. Our objective was to determine the hub genes that play a crucial role in spermatogenesis by analyzing the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) present in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) compared to OA and normal samples using bioinformatics analysis. Four datasets, namely GSE45885, GSE45887, GSE9210 and GSE145467 were used. Functional enrichment analyses were performed on the DEGs. Hub genes were identified based on protein–protein interactions between DEGs. The expression of the hub genes was further examined in the testicular germ cell tumors from the TCGA by the GEPIA and validated by qRT-PCR in the testes of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute orchitis mice with impaired spermatogenesis. A total of 203 DEGs including 34 up-regulated and 169 down-regulated were identified. Functional enrichment analysis showed DEGs were mainly involved in microtubule motility, the process of cell growth and protein transport. PRM2, TEKT2, FSCN3, UBQLN3, SPATS1 and GTSF1L were identified and validated as hub genes for spermatogenesis. Three of them (PRM2, FSCN3 and TEKT2) were significantly down-regulated in the testicular germ cell tumors and their methylation levels were associated with the pathogenesis. In summary, the hub genes identified may be related to spermatogenesis and may act as potential therapeutic targets for NOA and testicular germ cell tumors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T15:14:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-73e1cadfbc304f1e93712a1278327d72 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T15:14:48Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-73e1cadfbc304f1e93712a1278327d722023-10-29T12:20:07ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-10-0113111310.1038/s41598-023-45620-3Identification of hub genes associated with spermatogenesis by bioinformatics analysisShuang Liu0Yan-chao Bian1Wan-lun Wang2Tong-Jia Liu3Ting Zhang4Yue Chang5Rui Xiao6Chuan-ling Zhang7Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityInner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityInner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityInner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityInner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityInner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityInner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityAbstract Spermatogenesis is a complex process related to male infertility. Till now, the critical genes and specific mechanisms have not been elucidated clearly. Our objective was to determine the hub genes that play a crucial role in spermatogenesis by analyzing the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) present in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) compared to OA and normal samples using bioinformatics analysis. Four datasets, namely GSE45885, GSE45887, GSE9210 and GSE145467 were used. Functional enrichment analyses were performed on the DEGs. Hub genes were identified based on protein–protein interactions between DEGs. The expression of the hub genes was further examined in the testicular germ cell tumors from the TCGA by the GEPIA and validated by qRT-PCR in the testes of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute orchitis mice with impaired spermatogenesis. A total of 203 DEGs including 34 up-regulated and 169 down-regulated were identified. Functional enrichment analysis showed DEGs were mainly involved in microtubule motility, the process of cell growth and protein transport. PRM2, TEKT2, FSCN3, UBQLN3, SPATS1 and GTSF1L were identified and validated as hub genes for spermatogenesis. Three of them (PRM2, FSCN3 and TEKT2) were significantly down-regulated in the testicular germ cell tumors and their methylation levels were associated with the pathogenesis. In summary, the hub genes identified may be related to spermatogenesis and may act as potential therapeutic targets for NOA and testicular germ cell tumors.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45620-3 |
| spellingShingle | Shuang Liu Yan-chao Bian Wan-lun Wang Tong-Jia Liu Ting Zhang Yue Chang Rui Xiao Chuan-ling Zhang Identification of hub genes associated with spermatogenesis by bioinformatics analysis Scientific Reports |
| title | Identification of hub genes associated with spermatogenesis by bioinformatics analysis |
| title_full | Identification of hub genes associated with spermatogenesis by bioinformatics analysis |
| title_fullStr | Identification of hub genes associated with spermatogenesis by bioinformatics analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification of hub genes associated with spermatogenesis by bioinformatics analysis |
| title_short | Identification of hub genes associated with spermatogenesis by bioinformatics analysis |
| title_sort | identification of hub genes associated with spermatogenesis by bioinformatics analysis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45620-3 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shuangliu identificationofhubgenesassociatedwithspermatogenesisbybioinformaticsanalysis AT yanchaobian identificationofhubgenesassociatedwithspermatogenesisbybioinformaticsanalysis AT wanlunwang identificationofhubgenesassociatedwithspermatogenesisbybioinformaticsanalysis AT tongjialiu identificationofhubgenesassociatedwithspermatogenesisbybioinformaticsanalysis AT tingzhang identificationofhubgenesassociatedwithspermatogenesisbybioinformaticsanalysis AT yuechang identificationofhubgenesassociatedwithspermatogenesisbybioinformaticsanalysis AT ruixiao identificationofhubgenesassociatedwithspermatogenesisbybioinformaticsanalysis AT chuanlingzhang identificationofhubgenesassociatedwithspermatogenesisbybioinformaticsanalysis |