Historical and current distribution and movement patterns of large herbivores in the Limpopo National Park, Mozambique
This study provides a first attempt to describe the historical distribution and movement patterns of selected large herbivore (LH) species in Limpopo National Park (LNP), an area in Mozambique today connected to a network of transboundary conservation areas. Between 1976 and the early 2000s, most LH...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2022.978397/full |
| _version_ | 1828113459994165248 |
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| author | Dionísio Virgílio Roque Valério António Macandza Ulrich Zeller Nicole Starik Thomas Göttert |
| author_facet | Dionísio Virgílio Roque Valério António Macandza Ulrich Zeller Nicole Starik Thomas Göttert |
| author_sort | Dionísio Virgílio Roque |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study provides a first attempt to describe the historical distribution and movement patterns of selected large herbivore (LH) species in Limpopo National Park (LNP), an area in Mozambique today connected to a network of transboundary conservation areas. Between 1976 and the early 2000s, most LH species were absent in this area following the civil war in Mozambique followed by intense poaching due to weak law enforcement capacity. Through the reconstruction of the historical and current distribution and movement patterns of seven LH species in five periods, we investigate possible changes in distribution and movement patterns over time. Data collection is based on a systematic literature search, censuses reports, online databases, dung count transects, and camera trap surveys. We mapped all LH observations and movements using ArcGIS 10.1. Our results reveal a dramatic collapse of LH populations between the peak of the colonial period and the post-colonial/civil war period (1800–2001), followed by a slight recovery from the post-proclamation of Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park to the current period (2002–2021). While LH population decline applied to all seven species, there are species-specific differences in the process of restoration: African elephant (Loxodonta africana), African buffalo (Syncerus caffer), and plains zebra (Equus quagga) appear to recover to a greater extent than giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis), eland (Tragelaphus oryx), blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus), and white rhino (Ceratotherium simum). We found evidence of the functioning of proposed wildlife corridors in the LNP. The results give reason to assume that restoration of populations of LH is still in a very early and vulnerable state and that further efforts are necessary to strengthen the slowly increasing populations of LH. Our results highlight the importance of combining past and current data as a guide for the restoration of threatened species in African savannas impacted by human activities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:07:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-73eed43807d54d37ab9f18b509521a76 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-701X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:07:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj.art-73eed43807d54d37ab9f18b509521a762022-12-22T04:24:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution2296-701X2022-09-011010.3389/fevo.2022.978397978397Historical and current distribution and movement patterns of large herbivores in the Limpopo National Park, MozambiqueDionísio Virgílio Roque0Valério António Macandza1Ulrich Zeller2Nicole Starik3Thomas Göttert4Department of Forestry Engineering, Faculty of Agronomy and Forest Engineering, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, MozambiqueDepartment of Forestry Engineering, Faculty of Agronomy and Forest Engineering, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, MozambiqueAlbrecht Daniel Thaer–Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, GermanyAlbrecht Daniel Thaer–Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, GermanyResearch Center [Sustainability–Transformation–Transfer], Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Eberswalde, GermanyThis study provides a first attempt to describe the historical distribution and movement patterns of selected large herbivore (LH) species in Limpopo National Park (LNP), an area in Mozambique today connected to a network of transboundary conservation areas. Between 1976 and the early 2000s, most LH species were absent in this area following the civil war in Mozambique followed by intense poaching due to weak law enforcement capacity. Through the reconstruction of the historical and current distribution and movement patterns of seven LH species in five periods, we investigate possible changes in distribution and movement patterns over time. Data collection is based on a systematic literature search, censuses reports, online databases, dung count transects, and camera trap surveys. We mapped all LH observations and movements using ArcGIS 10.1. Our results reveal a dramatic collapse of LH populations between the peak of the colonial period and the post-colonial/civil war period (1800–2001), followed by a slight recovery from the post-proclamation of Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park to the current period (2002–2021). While LH population decline applied to all seven species, there are species-specific differences in the process of restoration: African elephant (Loxodonta africana), African buffalo (Syncerus caffer), and plains zebra (Equus quagga) appear to recover to a greater extent than giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis), eland (Tragelaphus oryx), blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus), and white rhino (Ceratotherium simum). We found evidence of the functioning of proposed wildlife corridors in the LNP. The results give reason to assume that restoration of populations of LH is still in a very early and vulnerable state and that further efforts are necessary to strengthen the slowly increasing populations of LH. Our results highlight the importance of combining past and current data as a guide for the restoration of threatened species in African savannas impacted by human activities.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2022.978397/fulllarge herbivoreshistorical distributionmovement patternsspecies collapsespecies restorationecological corridors |
| spellingShingle | Dionísio Virgílio Roque Valério António Macandza Ulrich Zeller Nicole Starik Thomas Göttert Historical and current distribution and movement patterns of large herbivores in the Limpopo National Park, Mozambique Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution large herbivores historical distribution movement patterns species collapse species restoration ecological corridors |
| title | Historical and current distribution and movement patterns of large herbivores in the Limpopo National Park, Mozambique |
| title_full | Historical and current distribution and movement patterns of large herbivores in the Limpopo National Park, Mozambique |
| title_fullStr | Historical and current distribution and movement patterns of large herbivores in the Limpopo National Park, Mozambique |
| title_full_unstemmed | Historical and current distribution and movement patterns of large herbivores in the Limpopo National Park, Mozambique |
| title_short | Historical and current distribution and movement patterns of large herbivores in the Limpopo National Park, Mozambique |
| title_sort | historical and current distribution and movement patterns of large herbivores in the limpopo national park mozambique |
| topic | large herbivores historical distribution movement patterns species collapse species restoration ecological corridors |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2022.978397/full |
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