Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Iron Deficiency in Twin and Singleton Newborns
Iron deficiency (ID) in utero and in infancy can cause irreversible neurocognitive damage. Iron status is not routinely tested at birth, so the burden of neonatal ID in the United States is unknown. Infants born from twin or higher-order pregnancies may be at elevated risk of inadequate nutrient end...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/18/3854 |
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| author | Rebecca K. Campbell Catalin S. Buhimschi Guomao Zhao Cielo Dela Rosa Bethany T. Stetson Carl H. Backes Irina A. Buhimschi |
| author_facet | Rebecca K. Campbell Catalin S. Buhimschi Guomao Zhao Cielo Dela Rosa Bethany T. Stetson Carl H. Backes Irina A. Buhimschi |
| author_sort | Rebecca K. Campbell |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Iron deficiency (ID) in utero and in infancy can cause irreversible neurocognitive damage. Iron status is not routinely tested at birth, so the burden of neonatal ID in the United States is unknown. Infants born from twin or higher-order pregnancies may be at elevated risk of inadequate nutrient endowment at birth. The present study sought to compare the burden of neonatal ID in cord blood serum samples from twin (<i>n</i> = 54) and singleton pregnancies (<i>n</i> = 24). Iron status (serum ferritin (SF), soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), hepcidin) and inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)) biomarker concentrations were measured by immunoassay. The prevalence of ID (SF < 76 ng/mL) among twins was 21% (23/108) and among singletons 20% (5/24). Gestational age at birth, maternal race and infant sex predicted SF levels. Maternal anemia (hemoglobin < 11 g/dL) was observed in 40% of mothers but was not associated with neonatal iron biomarkers. More research is needed to identify risk factors and regulatory mechanisms for inadequate fetal iron accrual to identify higher risk pregnancies and neonates for screening and intervention. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:55:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-73fba57982344aeaa13e53f0ef0e4e29 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:55:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-73fba57982344aeaa13e53f0ef0e4e292023-11-23T18:13:16ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-09-011418385410.3390/nu14183854Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Iron Deficiency in Twin and Singleton NewbornsRebecca K. Campbell0Catalin S. Buhimschi1Guomao Zhao2Cielo Dela Rosa3Bethany T. Stetson4Carl H. Backes5Irina A. Buhimschi6Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USADepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USADepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USADepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USADepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USACenter for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USADepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USAIron deficiency (ID) in utero and in infancy can cause irreversible neurocognitive damage. Iron status is not routinely tested at birth, so the burden of neonatal ID in the United States is unknown. Infants born from twin or higher-order pregnancies may be at elevated risk of inadequate nutrient endowment at birth. The present study sought to compare the burden of neonatal ID in cord blood serum samples from twin (<i>n</i> = 54) and singleton pregnancies (<i>n</i> = 24). Iron status (serum ferritin (SF), soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), hepcidin) and inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)) biomarker concentrations were measured by immunoassay. The prevalence of ID (SF < 76 ng/mL) among twins was 21% (23/108) and among singletons 20% (5/24). Gestational age at birth, maternal race and infant sex predicted SF levels. Maternal anemia (hemoglobin < 11 g/dL) was observed in 40% of mothers but was not associated with neonatal iron biomarkers. More research is needed to identify risk factors and regulatory mechanisms for inadequate fetal iron accrual to identify higher risk pregnancies and neonates for screening and intervention.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/18/3854iron deficiencyneurodevelopmentinfancymultiple gestation pregnancynutritionpregnancy |
| spellingShingle | Rebecca K. Campbell Catalin S. Buhimschi Guomao Zhao Cielo Dela Rosa Bethany T. Stetson Carl H. Backes Irina A. Buhimschi Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Iron Deficiency in Twin and Singleton Newborns Nutrients iron deficiency neurodevelopment infancy multiple gestation pregnancy nutrition pregnancy |
| title | Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Iron Deficiency in Twin and Singleton Newborns |
| title_full | Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Iron Deficiency in Twin and Singleton Newborns |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Iron Deficiency in Twin and Singleton Newborns |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Iron Deficiency in Twin and Singleton Newborns |
| title_short | Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Iron Deficiency in Twin and Singleton Newborns |
| title_sort | prevalence of and risk factors for iron deficiency in twin and singleton newborns |
| topic | iron deficiency neurodevelopment infancy multiple gestation pregnancy nutrition pregnancy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/18/3854 |
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