Phylogenetic analysis of the non-structural (NS) gene of influenza A viruses isolated from mallards in Northern Europe in 2005
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although the important role of the non-structural 1 (<it>NS</it>) gene of influenza A in virulence of the virus is well established, our knowledge about the extent of variation in the <it>NS </it>gene pool of...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2008-12-01
|
| Series: | Virology Journal |
| Online Access: | http://www.virologyj.com/content/5/1/147 |
| _version_ | 1818485064731721728 |
|---|---|
| author | Olsen Björn Waldenström Jonas Belák Sándor Czifra György Thorén Peter Ehrenberg Maria Ejdersund Anneli Berglöf Ulla Gyarmati Péter Zohari Siamak Berg Mikael |
| author_facet | Olsen Björn Waldenström Jonas Belák Sándor Czifra György Thorén Peter Ehrenberg Maria Ejdersund Anneli Berglöf Ulla Gyarmati Péter Zohari Siamak Berg Mikael |
| author_sort | Olsen Björn |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although the important role of the non-structural 1 (<it>NS</it>) gene of influenza A in virulence of the virus is well established, our knowledge about the extent of variation in the <it>NS </it>gene pool of influenza A viruses in their natural reservoirs in Europe is incomplete. In this study we determined the subtypes and prevalence of influenza A viruses present in mallards in Northern Europe and further analysed the <it>NS </it>gene of these isolates in order to obtain a more detailed knowledge about the genetic variation of <it>NS </it>gene of influenza A virus in their natural hosts.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total number of 45 influenza A viruses of different subtypes were studied. Eleven haemagglutinin- and nine neuraminidase subtypes in twelve combinations were found among the isolated viruses. Each NS gene reported here consisted of 890 nucleotides; there were no deletions or insertions. Phylogenetic analysis clearly shows that two distinct gene pools, corresponding to both NS allele A and B, were present at the same time in the same geographic location in the mallard populations in Northern Europe. A comparison of nucleotide sequences of isolated viruses revealed a substantial number of silent mutations, which results in high degree of homology in amino acid sequences. The degree of variation within the alleles is very low. In our study allele A viruses displays a maximum of 5% amino acid divergence while allele B viruses display only 2% amino acid divergence. All the viruses isolated from mallards in Northern Europe possessed the typical avian ESEV amino acid sequence at the C-terminal end of the NS1 protein.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our finding indicates the existence of a large reservoir of different influenza A viruses in mallards population in Northern Europe. Although our phylogenetic analysis clearly shows that two distinct gene pools, corresponding to both <it>NS </it>allele A and B, were present in the mallards populations in Northern Europe, allele B viruses appear to be less common in natural host species than allele A, comprising only about 13% of the isolates sequenced in this study.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T16:03:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-74218eb666b04d78b47b5c884e3dd4bd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1743-422X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T16:03:05Z |
| publishDate | 2008-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Virology Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-74218eb666b04d78b47b5c884e3dd4bd2022-12-22T01:42:22ZengBMCVirology Journal1743-422X2008-12-015114710.1186/1743-422X-5-147Phylogenetic analysis of the non-structural (NS) gene of influenza A viruses isolated from mallards in Northern Europe in 2005Olsen BjörnWaldenström JonasBelák SándorCzifra GyörgyThorén PeterEhrenberg MariaEjdersund AnneliBerglöf UllaGyarmati PéterZohari SiamakBerg Mikael<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although the important role of the non-structural 1 (<it>NS</it>) gene of influenza A in virulence of the virus is well established, our knowledge about the extent of variation in the <it>NS </it>gene pool of influenza A viruses in their natural reservoirs in Europe is incomplete. In this study we determined the subtypes and prevalence of influenza A viruses present in mallards in Northern Europe and further analysed the <it>NS </it>gene of these isolates in order to obtain a more detailed knowledge about the genetic variation of <it>NS </it>gene of influenza A virus in their natural hosts.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total number of 45 influenza A viruses of different subtypes were studied. Eleven haemagglutinin- and nine neuraminidase subtypes in twelve combinations were found among the isolated viruses. Each NS gene reported here consisted of 890 nucleotides; there were no deletions or insertions. Phylogenetic analysis clearly shows that two distinct gene pools, corresponding to both NS allele A and B, were present at the same time in the same geographic location in the mallard populations in Northern Europe. A comparison of nucleotide sequences of isolated viruses revealed a substantial number of silent mutations, which results in high degree of homology in amino acid sequences. The degree of variation within the alleles is very low. In our study allele A viruses displays a maximum of 5% amino acid divergence while allele B viruses display only 2% amino acid divergence. All the viruses isolated from mallards in Northern Europe possessed the typical avian ESEV amino acid sequence at the C-terminal end of the NS1 protein.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our finding indicates the existence of a large reservoir of different influenza A viruses in mallards population in Northern Europe. Although our phylogenetic analysis clearly shows that two distinct gene pools, corresponding to both <it>NS </it>allele A and B, were present in the mallards populations in Northern Europe, allele B viruses appear to be less common in natural host species than allele A, comprising only about 13% of the isolates sequenced in this study.</p>http://www.virologyj.com/content/5/1/147 |
| spellingShingle | Olsen Björn Waldenström Jonas Belák Sándor Czifra György Thorén Peter Ehrenberg Maria Ejdersund Anneli Berglöf Ulla Gyarmati Péter Zohari Siamak Berg Mikael Phylogenetic analysis of the non-structural (NS) gene of influenza A viruses isolated from mallards in Northern Europe in 2005 Virology Journal |
| title | Phylogenetic analysis of the non-structural (NS) gene of influenza A viruses isolated from mallards in Northern Europe in 2005 |
| title_full | Phylogenetic analysis of the non-structural (NS) gene of influenza A viruses isolated from mallards in Northern Europe in 2005 |
| title_fullStr | Phylogenetic analysis of the non-structural (NS) gene of influenza A viruses isolated from mallards in Northern Europe in 2005 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phylogenetic analysis of the non-structural (NS) gene of influenza A viruses isolated from mallards in Northern Europe in 2005 |
| title_short | Phylogenetic analysis of the non-structural (NS) gene of influenza A viruses isolated from mallards in Northern Europe in 2005 |
| title_sort | phylogenetic analysis of the non structural ns gene of influenza a viruses isolated from mallards in northern europe in 2005 |
| url | http://www.virologyj.com/content/5/1/147 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT olsenbjorn phylogeneticanalysisofthenonstructuralnsgeneofinfluenzaavirusesisolatedfrommallardsinnortherneuropein2005 AT waldenstromjonas phylogeneticanalysisofthenonstructuralnsgeneofinfluenzaavirusesisolatedfrommallardsinnortherneuropein2005 AT belaksandor phylogeneticanalysisofthenonstructuralnsgeneofinfluenzaavirusesisolatedfrommallardsinnortherneuropein2005 AT czifragyorgy phylogeneticanalysisofthenonstructuralnsgeneofinfluenzaavirusesisolatedfrommallardsinnortherneuropein2005 AT thorenpeter phylogeneticanalysisofthenonstructuralnsgeneofinfluenzaavirusesisolatedfrommallardsinnortherneuropein2005 AT ehrenbergmaria phylogeneticanalysisofthenonstructuralnsgeneofinfluenzaavirusesisolatedfrommallardsinnortherneuropein2005 AT ejdersundanneli phylogeneticanalysisofthenonstructuralnsgeneofinfluenzaavirusesisolatedfrommallardsinnortherneuropein2005 AT berglofulla phylogeneticanalysisofthenonstructuralnsgeneofinfluenzaavirusesisolatedfrommallardsinnortherneuropein2005 AT gyarmatipeter phylogeneticanalysisofthenonstructuralnsgeneofinfluenzaavirusesisolatedfrommallardsinnortherneuropein2005 AT zoharisiamak phylogeneticanalysisofthenonstructuralnsgeneofinfluenzaavirusesisolatedfrommallardsinnortherneuropein2005 AT bergmikael phylogeneticanalysisofthenonstructuralnsgeneofinfluenzaavirusesisolatedfrommallardsinnortherneuropein2005 |