Comparative Analysis, Characterization and Evolutionary Study of Dirigent Gene Family in Cucurbitaceae and Expression of Novel Dirigent Peptide against Powdery Mildew Stress
Dirigent (DIR) proteins are induced under various stress conditions and involved in sterio- and regio-selective coupling of monolignol. A striking lack of information about dirigent genes in cucurbitaceae plants underscores the importance of functional characterization. In this study, 112 DIR genes...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-02-01
|
| Series: | Genes |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/3/326 |
| _version_ | 1797395437409271808 |
|---|---|
| author | Vivek Yadav Zhongyuan Wang Xiaozhen Yang Chunhua Wei Xuan Changqing Xian Zhang |
| author_facet | Vivek Yadav Zhongyuan Wang Xiaozhen Yang Chunhua Wei Xuan Changqing Xian Zhang |
| author_sort | Vivek Yadav |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dirigent (DIR) proteins are induced under various stress conditions and involved in sterio- and regio-selective coupling of monolignol. A striking lack of information about dirigent genes in cucurbitaceae plants underscores the importance of functional characterization. In this study, 112 DIR genes were identified in six species, and 61 genes from major cultivated species were analyzed. DIRs were analyzed using various bioinformatics tools and complemented by expression profiling. Phylogenetic analysis segregated the putative DIRs into six distinctively known subgroups. Chromosomal mapping revealed uneven distribution of genes, whereas synteny analysis exhibited that duplication events occurred during gene evolution. Gene structure analysis suggested the gain of introns during gene diversification. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicates the participation of proteins in lignification and pathogen resistance activities. We also determined their organ-specific expression levels in three species revealing preferential expression in root and leaves. Furthermore, the number of CmDIR (<i>CmDIR1</i>, <i>6</i>, <i>7</i> and <i>12</i>) and ClDIR (<i>ClDIR2</i>, <i>5</i>, <i>8</i>, <i>9</i> and <i>17</i>) genes exhibited higher expression in resistant cultivars after powdery mildew (PM) inoculation. In summary, based on the expression and in-silico analysis, we propose a role of DIRs in disease resistance mechanisms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:34:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-742491570bda4a34af3ec0d6b2b3df18 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:34:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-742491570bda4a34af3ec0d6b2b3df182023-12-11T18:14:56ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252021-02-0112332610.3390/genes12030326Comparative Analysis, Characterization and Evolutionary Study of Dirigent Gene Family in Cucurbitaceae and Expression of Novel Dirigent Peptide against Powdery Mildew StressVivek Yadav0Zhongyuan Wang1Xiaozhen Yang2Chunhua Wei3Xuan Changqing4Xian Zhang5State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaDirigent (DIR) proteins are induced under various stress conditions and involved in sterio- and regio-selective coupling of monolignol. A striking lack of information about dirigent genes in cucurbitaceae plants underscores the importance of functional characterization. In this study, 112 DIR genes were identified in six species, and 61 genes from major cultivated species were analyzed. DIRs were analyzed using various bioinformatics tools and complemented by expression profiling. Phylogenetic analysis segregated the putative DIRs into six distinctively known subgroups. Chromosomal mapping revealed uneven distribution of genes, whereas synteny analysis exhibited that duplication events occurred during gene evolution. Gene structure analysis suggested the gain of introns during gene diversification. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicates the participation of proteins in lignification and pathogen resistance activities. We also determined their organ-specific expression levels in three species revealing preferential expression in root and leaves. Furthermore, the number of CmDIR (<i>CmDIR1</i>, <i>6</i>, <i>7</i> and <i>12</i>) and ClDIR (<i>ClDIR2</i>, <i>5</i>, <i>8</i>, <i>9</i> and <i>17</i>) genes exhibited higher expression in resistant cultivars after powdery mildew (PM) inoculation. In summary, based on the expression and in-silico analysis, we propose a role of DIRs in disease resistance mechanisms.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/3/326dirigent domainpowdery mildewgene familyexpression patternCucurbitaceaewatermelon |
| spellingShingle | Vivek Yadav Zhongyuan Wang Xiaozhen Yang Chunhua Wei Xuan Changqing Xian Zhang Comparative Analysis, Characterization and Evolutionary Study of Dirigent Gene Family in Cucurbitaceae and Expression of Novel Dirigent Peptide against Powdery Mildew Stress Genes dirigent domain powdery mildew gene family expression pattern Cucurbitaceae watermelon |
| title | Comparative Analysis, Characterization and Evolutionary Study of Dirigent Gene Family in Cucurbitaceae and Expression of Novel Dirigent Peptide against Powdery Mildew Stress |
| title_full | Comparative Analysis, Characterization and Evolutionary Study of Dirigent Gene Family in Cucurbitaceae and Expression of Novel Dirigent Peptide against Powdery Mildew Stress |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Analysis, Characterization and Evolutionary Study of Dirigent Gene Family in Cucurbitaceae and Expression of Novel Dirigent Peptide against Powdery Mildew Stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Analysis, Characterization and Evolutionary Study of Dirigent Gene Family in Cucurbitaceae and Expression of Novel Dirigent Peptide against Powdery Mildew Stress |
| title_short | Comparative Analysis, Characterization and Evolutionary Study of Dirigent Gene Family in Cucurbitaceae and Expression of Novel Dirigent Peptide against Powdery Mildew Stress |
| title_sort | comparative analysis characterization and evolutionary study of dirigent gene family in cucurbitaceae and expression of novel dirigent peptide against powdery mildew stress |
| topic | dirigent domain powdery mildew gene family expression pattern Cucurbitaceae watermelon |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/3/326 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vivekyadav comparativeanalysischaracterizationandevolutionarystudyofdirigentgenefamilyincucurbitaceaeandexpressionofnoveldirigentpeptideagainstpowderymildewstress AT zhongyuanwang comparativeanalysischaracterizationandevolutionarystudyofdirigentgenefamilyincucurbitaceaeandexpressionofnoveldirigentpeptideagainstpowderymildewstress AT xiaozhenyang comparativeanalysischaracterizationandevolutionarystudyofdirigentgenefamilyincucurbitaceaeandexpressionofnoveldirigentpeptideagainstpowderymildewstress AT chunhuawei comparativeanalysischaracterizationandevolutionarystudyofdirigentgenefamilyincucurbitaceaeandexpressionofnoveldirigentpeptideagainstpowderymildewstress AT xuanchangqing comparativeanalysischaracterizationandevolutionarystudyofdirigentgenefamilyincucurbitaceaeandexpressionofnoveldirigentpeptideagainstpowderymildewstress AT xianzhang comparativeanalysischaracterizationandevolutionarystudyofdirigentgenefamilyincucurbitaceaeandexpressionofnoveldirigentpeptideagainstpowderymildewstress |