Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Material Extrusion with Hybrid Composites of Carbon and Aramid Fibers
An existing challenge in the use of continuous fiber reinforcements in additively manufactured parts is the limited availability of suitable fiber materials. This leads to a reduced adaptability of the mechanical properties to the load case. The increased design freedom of additive manufacturing all...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-09-01
|
| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/17/8830 |
| _version_ | 1827666951279738880 |
|---|---|
| author | Tim Heitkamp Simon Girnth Sebastian Kuschmitz Günter Klawitter Nils Waldt Thomas Vietor |
| author_facet | Tim Heitkamp Simon Girnth Sebastian Kuschmitz Günter Klawitter Nils Waldt Thomas Vietor |
| author_sort | Tim Heitkamp |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An existing challenge in the use of continuous fiber reinforcements in additively manufactured parts is the limited availability of suitable fiber materials. This leads to a reduced adaptability of the mechanical properties to the load case. The increased design freedom of additive manufacturing allows the flexible deposition of fiber strands at defined positions, so that even different fiber materials can be easily combined in a printed part. In this work, therefore, an approach is taken to combine carbon and aramid fibers in printed composite parts to investigate their effects on mechanical properties. For this purpose, tensile, flexural and impact tests were performed on printed composite parts made of carbon and aramid fibers in a nylon matrix with five different mixing ratios. The tests showed that the use of hybrid composites for additive manufacturing is a reasonable approach to adapt the mechanical properties to the loading case at hand. The experiments showed that increasing the aramid fiber content resulted in an increase in impact strength, but a decrease in tensile and flexural strength and a decrease in stiffness. Microstructural investigations of the fracture surfaces showed that debonding and delamination were the main failure mechanisms. Finally, Rule of Hybrid Mixture equations were applied to predict the mechanical properties at different mixture ratios. This resulted in predicted values that differed from the experimentally determined values by an average of 5.6%. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:00:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7424bfdf48004cc3814f394260769903 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:00:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-7424bfdf48004cc3814f3942607699032023-11-23T12:47:46ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-09-011217883010.3390/app12178830Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Material Extrusion with Hybrid Composites of Carbon and Aramid FibersTim Heitkamp0Simon Girnth1Sebastian Kuschmitz2Günter Klawitter3Nils Waldt4Thomas Vietor5Faculty II, Hochschule Hannover, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 30459 Hannover, GermanyFaculty II, Hochschule Hannover, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 30459 Hannover, GermanyInstitute for Engineering Design, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38108 Braunschweig, GermanyFaculty II, Hochschule Hannover, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 30459 Hannover, GermanyFaculty II, Hochschule Hannover, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 30459 Hannover, GermanyInstitute for Engineering Design, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38108 Braunschweig, GermanyAn existing challenge in the use of continuous fiber reinforcements in additively manufactured parts is the limited availability of suitable fiber materials. This leads to a reduced adaptability of the mechanical properties to the load case. The increased design freedom of additive manufacturing allows the flexible deposition of fiber strands at defined positions, so that even different fiber materials can be easily combined in a printed part. In this work, therefore, an approach is taken to combine carbon and aramid fibers in printed composite parts to investigate their effects on mechanical properties. For this purpose, tensile, flexural and impact tests were performed on printed composite parts made of carbon and aramid fibers in a nylon matrix with five different mixing ratios. The tests showed that the use of hybrid composites for additive manufacturing is a reasonable approach to adapt the mechanical properties to the loading case at hand. The experiments showed that increasing the aramid fiber content resulted in an increase in impact strength, but a decrease in tensile and flexural strength and a decrease in stiffness. Microstructural investigations of the fracture surfaces showed that debonding and delamination were the main failure mechanisms. Finally, Rule of Hybrid Mixture equations were applied to predict the mechanical properties at different mixture ratios. This resulted in predicted values that differed from the experimentally determined values by an average of 5.6%.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/17/8830continuous fiberfiber-reinforced additive manufacturinghybrid compositesdesign for additive manufacturingmaterial extrusionhybrid fiber-reinforced polymers |
| spellingShingle | Tim Heitkamp Simon Girnth Sebastian Kuschmitz Günter Klawitter Nils Waldt Thomas Vietor Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Material Extrusion with Hybrid Composites of Carbon and Aramid Fibers Applied Sciences continuous fiber fiber-reinforced additive manufacturing hybrid composites design for additive manufacturing material extrusion hybrid fiber-reinforced polymers |
| title | Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Material Extrusion with Hybrid Composites of Carbon and Aramid Fibers |
| title_full | Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Material Extrusion with Hybrid Composites of Carbon and Aramid Fibers |
| title_fullStr | Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Material Extrusion with Hybrid Composites of Carbon and Aramid Fibers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Material Extrusion with Hybrid Composites of Carbon and Aramid Fibers |
| title_short | Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Material Extrusion with Hybrid Composites of Carbon and Aramid Fibers |
| title_sort | continuous fiber reinforced material extrusion with hybrid composites of carbon and aramid fibers |
| topic | continuous fiber fiber-reinforced additive manufacturing hybrid composites design for additive manufacturing material extrusion hybrid fiber-reinforced polymers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/17/8830 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT timheitkamp continuousfiberreinforcedmaterialextrusionwithhybridcompositesofcarbonandaramidfibers AT simongirnth continuousfiberreinforcedmaterialextrusionwithhybridcompositesofcarbonandaramidfibers AT sebastiankuschmitz continuousfiberreinforcedmaterialextrusionwithhybridcompositesofcarbonandaramidfibers AT gunterklawitter continuousfiberreinforcedmaterialextrusionwithhybridcompositesofcarbonandaramidfibers AT nilswaldt continuousfiberreinforcedmaterialextrusionwithhybridcompositesofcarbonandaramidfibers AT thomasvietor continuousfiberreinforcedmaterialextrusionwithhybridcompositesofcarbonandaramidfibers |