Nephrolithiasis, stone composition, meteorology, and seasons in Malta: Is there any connection?
Context: The effect of seasons and meteorology on the incidence of nephrolithiasis has been studied in various regions around the globe, but seldom in the Mediterranean. Aims: This retrospective analysis aims at investigating these putative effects in the Maltese Islands, whose climate is typically...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2016-01-01
|
| Series: | Urology Annals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.urologyannals.com/article.asp?issn=0974-7796;year=2016;volume=8;issue=3;spage=325;epage=332;aulast=Buttigieg |
| _version_ | 1818693981150642176 |
|---|---|
| author | Jesmar Buttigieg Stephanie Attard Alexander Carachi Ruth Galea Stephen Fava |
| author_facet | Jesmar Buttigieg Stephanie Attard Alexander Carachi Ruth Galea Stephen Fava |
| author_sort | Jesmar Buttigieg |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Context: The effect of seasons and meteorology on the incidence of nephrolithiasis has been studied in various regions around the globe, but seldom in the Mediterranean.
Aims: This retrospective analysis aims at investigating these putative effects in the Maltese Islands, whose climate is typically Mediterranean, followed by a systematic review of the literature.
Materials and Methods: Submission rate and chemical composition of all kidney stones after spontaneous passage or surgical removal between January 2009 and December 2011 were analyzed according to seasons and corresponding meteorology.
Results: A total of 389 stones were analyzed. A higher stone submission rate was observed in summer compared to winter (31.6% vs. 20.8%, P = 0.0008) and in the warm period compared to the cold period (57.1% vs. 42.9%, P = 0.0001). Significant correlation was established between the monthly number of stones and mean monthly maximum temperature (r = 0.50, P = 0.002), mean monthly temperature (r = 0.49, P = 0.003) and mean monthly Humidex (r = 0.49, P = 0.007). Humidex was found to be an independent predictor for stone submission (β = 0.49, P = 0.007). The majority of stones contained calcium (83.3%), combined with oxalate (77.6%), phosphate (14.7%), and carbonate (2.8%). Some stones (11.8%) contained a mixture of >1 negatively charged molecules. Urate (11.6%), cysteine (4.6%), and ammonium-magnesium-phosphate (0.5%) constituted the rest. There was no association between chemical composition and seasons. Literature review included 25 articles. Higher ambient temperature and warm seasons were the most commonly encountered risk factors for both presentation and etiology of nephrolithiasis.
Conclusions: A significant positive correlation was noted between ambient temperature and stone submission rate, which was significantly higher during the warm months in Malta. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T13:22:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-744bf95e11684a038fb2d815df22bd1b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0974-7796 0974-7834 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T13:22:19Z |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Urology Annals |
| spelling | doaj.art-744bf95e11684a038fb2d815df22bd1b2022-12-21T21:46:50ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsUrology Annals0974-77960974-78342016-01-018332533210.4103/0974-7796.184892Nephrolithiasis, stone composition, meteorology, and seasons in Malta: Is there any connection?Jesmar ButtigiegStephanie AttardAlexander CarachiRuth GaleaStephen FavaContext: The effect of seasons and meteorology on the incidence of nephrolithiasis has been studied in various regions around the globe, but seldom in the Mediterranean. Aims: This retrospective analysis aims at investigating these putative effects in the Maltese Islands, whose climate is typically Mediterranean, followed by a systematic review of the literature. Materials and Methods: Submission rate and chemical composition of all kidney stones after spontaneous passage or surgical removal between January 2009 and December 2011 were analyzed according to seasons and corresponding meteorology. Results: A total of 389 stones were analyzed. A higher stone submission rate was observed in summer compared to winter (31.6% vs. 20.8%, P = 0.0008) and in the warm period compared to the cold period (57.1% vs. 42.9%, P = 0.0001). Significant correlation was established between the monthly number of stones and mean monthly maximum temperature (r = 0.50, P = 0.002), mean monthly temperature (r = 0.49, P = 0.003) and mean monthly Humidex (r = 0.49, P = 0.007). Humidex was found to be an independent predictor for stone submission (β = 0.49, P = 0.007). The majority of stones contained calcium (83.3%), combined with oxalate (77.6%), phosphate (14.7%), and carbonate (2.8%). Some stones (11.8%) contained a mixture of >1 negatively charged molecules. Urate (11.6%), cysteine (4.6%), and ammonium-magnesium-phosphate (0.5%) constituted the rest. There was no association between chemical composition and seasons. Literature review included 25 articles. Higher ambient temperature and warm seasons were the most commonly encountered risk factors for both presentation and etiology of nephrolithiasis. Conclusions: A significant positive correlation was noted between ambient temperature and stone submission rate, which was significantly higher during the warm months in Malta.http://www.urologyannals.com/article.asp?issn=0974-7796;year=2016;volume=8;issue=3;spage=325;epage=332;aulast=ButtigiegAmbient temperaturekidney stones/calculimeteorologynephrolithiasisseasons |
| spellingShingle | Jesmar Buttigieg Stephanie Attard Alexander Carachi Ruth Galea Stephen Fava Nephrolithiasis, stone composition, meteorology, and seasons in Malta: Is there any connection? Urology Annals Ambient temperature kidney stones/calculi meteorology nephrolithiasis seasons |
| title | Nephrolithiasis, stone composition, meteorology, and seasons in Malta: Is there any connection? |
| title_full | Nephrolithiasis, stone composition, meteorology, and seasons in Malta: Is there any connection? |
| title_fullStr | Nephrolithiasis, stone composition, meteorology, and seasons in Malta: Is there any connection? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nephrolithiasis, stone composition, meteorology, and seasons in Malta: Is there any connection? |
| title_short | Nephrolithiasis, stone composition, meteorology, and seasons in Malta: Is there any connection? |
| title_sort | nephrolithiasis stone composition meteorology and seasons in malta is there any connection |
| topic | Ambient temperature kidney stones/calculi meteorology nephrolithiasis seasons |
| url | http://www.urologyannals.com/article.asp?issn=0974-7796;year=2016;volume=8;issue=3;spage=325;epage=332;aulast=Buttigieg |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jesmarbuttigieg nephrolithiasisstonecompositionmeteorologyandseasonsinmaltaisthereanyconnection AT stephanieattard nephrolithiasisstonecompositionmeteorologyandseasonsinmaltaisthereanyconnection AT alexandercarachi nephrolithiasisstonecompositionmeteorologyandseasonsinmaltaisthereanyconnection AT ruthgalea nephrolithiasisstonecompositionmeteorologyandseasonsinmaltaisthereanyconnection AT stephenfava nephrolithiasisstonecompositionmeteorologyandseasonsinmaltaisthereanyconnection |