Mitochondrial protein synthesis and the bioenergetic cost of neurodevelopment
Summary: The human brain consumes five orders of magnitude more energy than the sun by unit of mass and time. This staggering bioenergetic cost serves mostly synaptic transmission and actin cytoskeleton dynamics. The peak of both brain bioenergetic demands and the age of onset for neurodevelopmental...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-09-01
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| Series: | iScience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004222011920 |
| _version_ | 1798036507920957440 |
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| author | Pernille Bülow Anupam Patgiri Victor Faundez |
| author_facet | Pernille Bülow Anupam Patgiri Victor Faundez |
| author_sort | Pernille Bülow |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Summary: The human brain consumes five orders of magnitude more energy than the sun by unit of mass and time. This staggering bioenergetic cost serves mostly synaptic transmission and actin cytoskeleton dynamics. The peak of both brain bioenergetic demands and the age of onset for neurodevelopmental disorders is approximately 5 years of age. This correlation suggests that defects in the machinery that provides cellular energy would be causative and/or consequence of neurodevelopmental disorders. We explore this hypothesis from the perspective of the machinery required for the synthesis of the electron transport chain, an ATP-producing and NADH-consuming enzymatic cascade. The electron transport chain is constituted by nuclear- and mitochondrial-genome-encoded subunits. These subunits are synthesized by the 80S and the 55S ribosomes, which are segregated to the cytoplasm and the mitochondrial matrix, correspondingly. Mitochondrial protein synthesis by the 55S ribosome is the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of electron transport chain components, suggesting that mitochondrial protein synthesis is a bottleneck for tissues with high bionergetic demands. We discuss genetic defects in the human nuclear and mitochondrial genomes that affect these protein synthesis machineries and cause a phenotypic spectrum spanning autism spectrum disorders to neurodegeneration during neurodevelopment. We propose that dysregulated mitochondrial protein synthesis is a chief, yet understudied, causative mechanism of neurodevelopmental and behavioral disorders. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:13:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7455b54fbdb8458e819b7d849b71b95e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2589-0042 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:13:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | iScience |
| spelling | doaj.art-7455b54fbdb8458e819b7d849b71b95e2022-12-22T04:02:53ZengElsevieriScience2589-00422022-09-01259104920Mitochondrial protein synthesis and the bioenergetic cost of neurodevelopmentPernille Bülow0Anupam Patgiri1Victor Faundez2Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USADepartment of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USADepartment of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Corresponding authorSummary: The human brain consumes five orders of magnitude more energy than the sun by unit of mass and time. This staggering bioenergetic cost serves mostly synaptic transmission and actin cytoskeleton dynamics. The peak of both brain bioenergetic demands and the age of onset for neurodevelopmental disorders is approximately 5 years of age. This correlation suggests that defects in the machinery that provides cellular energy would be causative and/or consequence of neurodevelopmental disorders. We explore this hypothesis from the perspective of the machinery required for the synthesis of the electron transport chain, an ATP-producing and NADH-consuming enzymatic cascade. The electron transport chain is constituted by nuclear- and mitochondrial-genome-encoded subunits. These subunits are synthesized by the 80S and the 55S ribosomes, which are segregated to the cytoplasm and the mitochondrial matrix, correspondingly. Mitochondrial protein synthesis by the 55S ribosome is the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of electron transport chain components, suggesting that mitochondrial protein synthesis is a bottleneck for tissues with high bionergetic demands. We discuss genetic defects in the human nuclear and mitochondrial genomes that affect these protein synthesis machineries and cause a phenotypic spectrum spanning autism spectrum disorders to neurodegeneration during neurodevelopment. We propose that dysregulated mitochondrial protein synthesis is a chief, yet understudied, causative mechanism of neurodevelopmental and behavioral disorders.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004222011920Biological SciencesNeuroscienceCell Biology |
| spellingShingle | Pernille Bülow Anupam Patgiri Victor Faundez Mitochondrial protein synthesis and the bioenergetic cost of neurodevelopment iScience Biological Sciences Neuroscience Cell Biology |
| title | Mitochondrial protein synthesis and the bioenergetic cost of neurodevelopment |
| title_full | Mitochondrial protein synthesis and the bioenergetic cost of neurodevelopment |
| title_fullStr | Mitochondrial protein synthesis and the bioenergetic cost of neurodevelopment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mitochondrial protein synthesis and the bioenergetic cost of neurodevelopment |
| title_short | Mitochondrial protein synthesis and the bioenergetic cost of neurodevelopment |
| title_sort | mitochondrial protein synthesis and the bioenergetic cost of neurodevelopment |
| topic | Biological Sciences Neuroscience Cell Biology |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004222011920 |
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