Salmonella typhimurium exacerbates injuries but resolves fibrosis in liver and spleen during Schistosoma mansoni infection
Background: In most developing or undeveloped countries, patients are often co-infected with multiple pathogens rather than a single pathogen. While different pathogens have their impact on morbidity and mortality, co-infection of more than one pathogen usually made the disease outcome different. Ma...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2023-06-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118223000701 |
| _version_ | 1797812103070875648 |
|---|---|
| author | Ho Yin Pekkle Lam Wen-Jui Wu Ting-Ruei Liang Hui-Chun Li Kai-Chih Chang Shih-Yi Peng |
| author_facet | Ho Yin Pekkle Lam Wen-Jui Wu Ting-Ruei Liang Hui-Chun Li Kai-Chih Chang Shih-Yi Peng |
| author_sort | Ho Yin Pekkle Lam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: In most developing or undeveloped countries, patients are often co-infected with multiple pathogens rather than a single pathogen. While different pathogens have their impact on morbidity and mortality, co-infection of more than one pathogen usually made the disease outcome different. Many studies reported the co-infection of Schistosoma with Salmonella in pandemic areas. However, the link or the underlying mechanism in the pathogenesis caused by Schistosoma-Salmonella co-infection is still unknown. Methods: In this study, Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) was challenged to Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni)-infected mice. Further experiments such as bacterial culture, histopathological examination, western blotting, and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate the outcomes of the infection. Cytokine responses of the mice were also determined by ELISA and real-time quantitative PCR. Results: Our results demonstrated that co-infected mice resulted in higher bacterial excretion in the acute phase but higher bacterial colonization in the chronic phase. Lesser egg burden was also observed during chronic schistosomiasis. Infection with S. typhimurium during schistosomiasis induces activation of the inflammasome and apoptosis, thereby leading to more drastic tissue damage. Interestingly, co-infected mice showed a lower fibrotic response in the liver and spleen. Further, co-infection alters the immunological functioning of the mice, possibly the reason for the observed pathological outcomes. Conclusion: Collectively, our findings here demonstrated that S. mansoni-infected mice challenged with S. typhimurium altered their immunological responses, thereby leading to different pathological outcomes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:32:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7461f894b1ca4b9cbb5511d37ad7bf4c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1684-1182 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:32:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection |
| spelling | doaj.art-7461f894b1ca4b9cbb5511d37ad7bf4c2023-06-04T04:23:28ZengElsevierJournal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection1684-11822023-06-01563477489Salmonella typhimurium exacerbates injuries but resolves fibrosis in liver and spleen during Schistosoma mansoni infectionHo Yin Pekkle Lam0Wen-Jui Wu1Ting-Ruei Liang2Hui-Chun Li3Kai-Chih Chang4Shih-Yi Peng5Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, TaiwanDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, TaiwanPh.D. Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, TaiwanDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, TaiwanDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan; Corresponding author. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Zhongyang Rd., Sec 3, Hualien 970, Taiwan. Fax: +886 3 857 1917.Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Corresponding author. Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Zhongyang Rd., Sec 3, Hualien 970, Taiwan. Fax: +886 3 857 8387.Background: In most developing or undeveloped countries, patients are often co-infected with multiple pathogens rather than a single pathogen. While different pathogens have their impact on morbidity and mortality, co-infection of more than one pathogen usually made the disease outcome different. Many studies reported the co-infection of Schistosoma with Salmonella in pandemic areas. However, the link or the underlying mechanism in the pathogenesis caused by Schistosoma-Salmonella co-infection is still unknown. Methods: In this study, Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) was challenged to Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni)-infected mice. Further experiments such as bacterial culture, histopathological examination, western blotting, and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate the outcomes of the infection. Cytokine responses of the mice were also determined by ELISA and real-time quantitative PCR. Results: Our results demonstrated that co-infected mice resulted in higher bacterial excretion in the acute phase but higher bacterial colonization in the chronic phase. Lesser egg burden was also observed during chronic schistosomiasis. Infection with S. typhimurium during schistosomiasis induces activation of the inflammasome and apoptosis, thereby leading to more drastic tissue damage. Interestingly, co-infected mice showed a lower fibrotic response in the liver and spleen. Further, co-infection alters the immunological functioning of the mice, possibly the reason for the observed pathological outcomes. Conclusion: Collectively, our findings here demonstrated that S. mansoni-infected mice challenged with S. typhimurium altered their immunological responses, thereby leading to different pathological outcomes.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118223000701SchistosomiasisSchistosoma mansoniSalmonella typhimuriumFibrosis |
| spellingShingle | Ho Yin Pekkle Lam Wen-Jui Wu Ting-Ruei Liang Hui-Chun Li Kai-Chih Chang Shih-Yi Peng Salmonella typhimurium exacerbates injuries but resolves fibrosis in liver and spleen during Schistosoma mansoni infection Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection Schistosomiasis Schistosoma mansoni Salmonella typhimurium Fibrosis |
| title | Salmonella typhimurium exacerbates injuries but resolves fibrosis in liver and spleen during Schistosoma mansoni infection |
| title_full | Salmonella typhimurium exacerbates injuries but resolves fibrosis in liver and spleen during Schistosoma mansoni infection |
| title_fullStr | Salmonella typhimurium exacerbates injuries but resolves fibrosis in liver and spleen during Schistosoma mansoni infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Salmonella typhimurium exacerbates injuries but resolves fibrosis in liver and spleen during Schistosoma mansoni infection |
| title_short | Salmonella typhimurium exacerbates injuries but resolves fibrosis in liver and spleen during Schistosoma mansoni infection |
| title_sort | salmonella typhimurium exacerbates injuries but resolves fibrosis in liver and spleen during schistosoma mansoni infection |
| topic | Schistosomiasis Schistosoma mansoni Salmonella typhimurium Fibrosis |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118223000701 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hoyinpekklelam salmonellatyphimuriumexacerbatesinjuriesbutresolvesfibrosisinliverandspleenduringschistosomamansoniinfection AT wenjuiwu salmonellatyphimuriumexacerbatesinjuriesbutresolvesfibrosisinliverandspleenduringschistosomamansoniinfection AT tingrueiliang salmonellatyphimuriumexacerbatesinjuriesbutresolvesfibrosisinliverandspleenduringschistosomamansoniinfection AT huichunli salmonellatyphimuriumexacerbatesinjuriesbutresolvesfibrosisinliverandspleenduringschistosomamansoniinfection AT kaichihchang salmonellatyphimuriumexacerbatesinjuriesbutresolvesfibrosisinliverandspleenduringschistosomamansoniinfection AT shihyipeng salmonellatyphimuriumexacerbatesinjuriesbutresolvesfibrosisinliverandspleenduringschistosomamansoniinfection |