Disease and social factors associated with healthcare utilization for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections in a longitudinal cohort of essential workers in Arizona
Abstract Background Demands on health systems due to COVID-19 are substantial, but drivers of healthcare utilization are not well defined in non-severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. Among a prospective cohort of frontline workers from July 2020 to February 2023, we assessed predictors of healthcare utiliza...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-10-01
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| Series: | BMC Health Services Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-10064-y |
| _version_ | 1797453414153584640 |
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| author | Patrick Rivers Krystal Jovel Ferris Ramadan Jared Joshua Anucha Barnett Katherine D. Ellingson Jefferey L. Burgess Karen Lutrick |
| author_facet | Patrick Rivers Krystal Jovel Ferris Ramadan Jared Joshua Anucha Barnett Katherine D. Ellingson Jefferey L. Burgess Karen Lutrick |
| author_sort | Patrick Rivers |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Demands on health systems due to COVID-19 are substantial, but drivers of healthcare utilization are not well defined in non-severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. Among a prospective cohort of frontline workers from July 2020 to February 2023, we assessed predictors of healthcare utilization during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods Weekly specimens tested via real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. Participants reported sociodemographic, health status information, and illness experience information. Primary outcome was healthcare utilization during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Predictors included sociodemographic characteristics, baseline health status, and measures of illness severity. Multivariable logistic regression was utilized to generate odds ratios for predictors of healthcare utilization. Results 1,923 SARS-CoV-2 infections (1,276 first infections and 647 reinfections from 4,208 participants): 1221 (63.5%) individuals were between 40 and 65 years old; 1115 (58.0%) were female; 449 (23.3%) were Hispanic and 1305 (67.9%) non-Hispanic White. 294 (15.3%) individuals sought medical care during first infection, 106 (5.5%) during reinfection. Sociodemographic and baseline health characteristics were not associated with healthcare utilization during infections from any variant for first infections, while age (OR 1.04, 95%CI 1.01–1.07) was during Omicron reinfection. In first infection, number of symptoms (OR 1.16, 95%CI 1.00-1.36 in Origin/Alpha, OR 1.12, 95%CI 1.00-1.49 in Delta, OR 1.09, 95%CI 1.01–1.16 in Omicron), number of days spent in bed (OR 1.13, 95%CI 1.02–1.33 in Origin/Alpha, OR 1.23, 95%CI 1.00-1.59 in Delta, OR 1.12, 95%CI 1.03–1.22 in Omicron), and illness duration (OR 1.01, 95%CI 1.00-1.04 in Origin/Alpha, OR 1.01, 95%CI 1.00-1.03 in Delta, OR 1.01, 95%CI 1.00-1.02 in Omicron) were related to healthcare utilization for all variants. Number of days in bed (OR 1.12, 95%CI 1.01–1.27), illness duration (OR 1.01, 95%CI 1.00-1.02), and hours of work missed (OR 2.24, 95%CI 1.11–4.74) were positively associated with healthcare utilization during Omicron reinfection. Conclusion The main factors associated with healthcare utilization for SARS-CoV-2 infection were symptom severity and duration. Practices and therapeutics aimed at decreasing these factors would be most helpful in easing the burden on health systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:22:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-74680881c8ac48a2b34bc9a212976016 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1472-6963 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:22:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Health Services Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-74680881c8ac48a2b34bc9a2129760162023-11-26T12:42:57ZengBMCBMC Health Services Research1472-69632023-10-0123111010.1186/s12913-023-10064-yDisease and social factors associated with healthcare utilization for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections in a longitudinal cohort of essential workers in ArizonaPatrick Rivers0Krystal Jovel1Ferris Ramadan2Jared Joshua Anucha Barnett3Katherine D. Ellingson4Jefferey L. Burgess5Karen Lutrick6College of Medicine, University of ArizonaMel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of ArizonaMel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of ArizonaCollege of Medicine, University of ArizonaMel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of ArizonaMel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of ArizonaCollege of Medicine, University of ArizonaAbstract Background Demands on health systems due to COVID-19 are substantial, but drivers of healthcare utilization are not well defined in non-severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. Among a prospective cohort of frontline workers from July 2020 to February 2023, we assessed predictors of healthcare utilization during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods Weekly specimens tested via real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. Participants reported sociodemographic, health status information, and illness experience information. Primary outcome was healthcare utilization during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Predictors included sociodemographic characteristics, baseline health status, and measures of illness severity. Multivariable logistic regression was utilized to generate odds ratios for predictors of healthcare utilization. Results 1,923 SARS-CoV-2 infections (1,276 first infections and 647 reinfections from 4,208 participants): 1221 (63.5%) individuals were between 40 and 65 years old; 1115 (58.0%) were female; 449 (23.3%) were Hispanic and 1305 (67.9%) non-Hispanic White. 294 (15.3%) individuals sought medical care during first infection, 106 (5.5%) during reinfection. Sociodemographic and baseline health characteristics were not associated with healthcare utilization during infections from any variant for first infections, while age (OR 1.04, 95%CI 1.01–1.07) was during Omicron reinfection. In first infection, number of symptoms (OR 1.16, 95%CI 1.00-1.36 in Origin/Alpha, OR 1.12, 95%CI 1.00-1.49 in Delta, OR 1.09, 95%CI 1.01–1.16 in Omicron), number of days spent in bed (OR 1.13, 95%CI 1.02–1.33 in Origin/Alpha, OR 1.23, 95%CI 1.00-1.59 in Delta, OR 1.12, 95%CI 1.03–1.22 in Omicron), and illness duration (OR 1.01, 95%CI 1.00-1.04 in Origin/Alpha, OR 1.01, 95%CI 1.00-1.03 in Delta, OR 1.01, 95%CI 1.00-1.02 in Omicron) were related to healthcare utilization for all variants. Number of days in bed (OR 1.12, 95%CI 1.01–1.27), illness duration (OR 1.01, 95%CI 1.00-1.02), and hours of work missed (OR 2.24, 95%CI 1.11–4.74) were positively associated with healthcare utilization during Omicron reinfection. Conclusion The main factors associated with healthcare utilization for SARS-CoV-2 infection were symptom severity and duration. Practices and therapeutics aimed at decreasing these factors would be most helpful in easing the burden on health systems.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-10064-yCOVID-19Healthcare utilizationPublic health |
| spellingShingle | Patrick Rivers Krystal Jovel Ferris Ramadan Jared Joshua Anucha Barnett Katherine D. Ellingson Jefferey L. Burgess Karen Lutrick Disease and social factors associated with healthcare utilization for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections in a longitudinal cohort of essential workers in Arizona BMC Health Services Research COVID-19 Healthcare utilization Public health |
| title | Disease and social factors associated with healthcare utilization for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections in a longitudinal cohort of essential workers in Arizona |
| title_full | Disease and social factors associated with healthcare utilization for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections in a longitudinal cohort of essential workers in Arizona |
| title_fullStr | Disease and social factors associated with healthcare utilization for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections in a longitudinal cohort of essential workers in Arizona |
| title_full_unstemmed | Disease and social factors associated with healthcare utilization for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections in a longitudinal cohort of essential workers in Arizona |
| title_short | Disease and social factors associated with healthcare utilization for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections in a longitudinal cohort of essential workers in Arizona |
| title_sort | disease and social factors associated with healthcare utilization for the treatment of sars cov 2 infections in a longitudinal cohort of essential workers in arizona |
| topic | COVID-19 Healthcare utilization Public health |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-10064-y |
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