Distribution of Geochemical Species of P, Fe and Mn in Surface Sediments in the Eutrophic Estuary, Northern Taiwan
The Danshuei River Estuary (DRE) in northern Taiwan is a seriously eutrophic estuary due to the domestic effluent discharge. Surface sediment samples were collected from the DRE to study the concentrations and spatial distributions of different fractions of phosphorus through the five-step sequentia...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/3075 |
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| author | Tien-Hsi Fang Cheng-Wen Wang |
| author_facet | Tien-Hsi Fang Cheng-Wen Wang |
| author_sort | Tien-Hsi Fang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Danshuei River Estuary (DRE) in northern Taiwan is a seriously eutrophic estuary due to the domestic effluent discharge. Surface sediment samples were collected from the DRE to study the concentrations and spatial distributions of different fractions of phosphorus through the five-step sequential extraction method which chemically divides the sedimentary P into five fractions: P<sub>SORB</sub>, P<sub>CDB</sub>, P<sub>CFA</sub>, P<sub>DET</sub>, and P<sub>ORG</sub>. The Fe and Mn contents in the extracted solution were also determined. The total organic carbon (TOC) and grain size in sediment samples were analyzed as well. The sedimentary total P (TP) concentrations ranged within 537–1310 mg/kg and mostly exceeded 800 mg/kg, suggesting that the DRE sediments were moderately polluted by phosphorus. The P<sub>CDB</sub> was the dominant fraction of P, averagely contributing 58% of TP, followed by P<sub>DET</sub> 31%. The contributions of the P<sub>SORB</sub> and P<sub>CFA</sub> fractions to the TP were relatively minor. Two fractions, Fe<sub>CDB</sub> and Fe<sub>ORG,</sub> of sedimentary Fe equally shared approximately 70% of total Fe, followed by Fe<sub>DET</sub> with 22%. The contribution of different fractions of sedimentary Mn followed the sequence: Mn<sub>CDB</sub> (36%) > Mn<sub>CFA</sub> (29%) > Mn<sub>ORG</sub> (14.7%) > Mn<sub>DET</sub> (14.5%) > Mn<sub>SORB</sub> (5.3%). The sedimentary P, Fe, and Mn within the DRE are easily mobilized because they were mainly present in the reducible fraction. The concentrations of sedimentary TP positively correlated with the TOC contents and inversely negatively correlated with grain size, suggesting that the TOC and grain size play the crucial roles in influencing the distribution of sedimentary P within the DRE. Finally, the Fe(III) (hydro)oxides seems to play an important carriers to adsorb dissolved P because P<sub>CDB</sub> positively correlated with Fe<sub>CDB</sub>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:49:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-74737b54e122444096e502d654892bef |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:49:05Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
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| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-74737b54e122444096e502d654892bef2023-11-22T21:54:54ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-11-011321307510.3390/w13213075Distribution of Geochemical Species of P, Fe and Mn in Surface Sediments in the Eutrophic Estuary, Northern TaiwanTien-Hsi Fang0Cheng-Wen Wang1Department of Marine Environmental Informatics, College of Marine Science and Resource, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, TaiwanDepartment of Marine Environmental Informatics, College of Marine Science and Resource, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, TaiwanThe Danshuei River Estuary (DRE) in northern Taiwan is a seriously eutrophic estuary due to the domestic effluent discharge. Surface sediment samples were collected from the DRE to study the concentrations and spatial distributions of different fractions of phosphorus through the five-step sequential extraction method which chemically divides the sedimentary P into five fractions: P<sub>SORB</sub>, P<sub>CDB</sub>, P<sub>CFA</sub>, P<sub>DET</sub>, and P<sub>ORG</sub>. The Fe and Mn contents in the extracted solution were also determined. The total organic carbon (TOC) and grain size in sediment samples were analyzed as well. The sedimentary total P (TP) concentrations ranged within 537–1310 mg/kg and mostly exceeded 800 mg/kg, suggesting that the DRE sediments were moderately polluted by phosphorus. The P<sub>CDB</sub> was the dominant fraction of P, averagely contributing 58% of TP, followed by P<sub>DET</sub> 31%. The contributions of the P<sub>SORB</sub> and P<sub>CFA</sub> fractions to the TP were relatively minor. Two fractions, Fe<sub>CDB</sub> and Fe<sub>ORG,</sub> of sedimentary Fe equally shared approximately 70% of total Fe, followed by Fe<sub>DET</sub> with 22%. The contribution of different fractions of sedimentary Mn followed the sequence: Mn<sub>CDB</sub> (36%) > Mn<sub>CFA</sub> (29%) > Mn<sub>ORG</sub> (14.7%) > Mn<sub>DET</sub> (14.5%) > Mn<sub>SORB</sub> (5.3%). The sedimentary P, Fe, and Mn within the DRE are easily mobilized because they were mainly present in the reducible fraction. The concentrations of sedimentary TP positively correlated with the TOC contents and inversely negatively correlated with grain size, suggesting that the TOC and grain size play the crucial roles in influencing the distribution of sedimentary P within the DRE. Finally, the Fe(III) (hydro)oxides seems to play an important carriers to adsorb dissolved P because P<sub>CDB</sub> positively correlated with Fe<sub>CDB</sub>.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/3075phosphorusironmanganeseTOCsequential extraction method |
| spellingShingle | Tien-Hsi Fang Cheng-Wen Wang Distribution of Geochemical Species of P, Fe and Mn in Surface Sediments in the Eutrophic Estuary, Northern Taiwan Water phosphorus iron manganese TOC sequential extraction method |
| title | Distribution of Geochemical Species of P, Fe and Mn in Surface Sediments in the Eutrophic Estuary, Northern Taiwan |
| title_full | Distribution of Geochemical Species of P, Fe and Mn in Surface Sediments in the Eutrophic Estuary, Northern Taiwan |
| title_fullStr | Distribution of Geochemical Species of P, Fe and Mn in Surface Sediments in the Eutrophic Estuary, Northern Taiwan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distribution of Geochemical Species of P, Fe and Mn in Surface Sediments in the Eutrophic Estuary, Northern Taiwan |
| title_short | Distribution of Geochemical Species of P, Fe and Mn in Surface Sediments in the Eutrophic Estuary, Northern Taiwan |
| title_sort | distribution of geochemical species of p fe and mn in surface sediments in the eutrophic estuary northern taiwan |
| topic | phosphorus iron manganese TOC sequential extraction method |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/3075 |
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