Characterization of the Anti-Cancer Activity of the Probiotic Bacterium <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i> Using 2D vs. 3D Culture in Colorectal Cancer Cells
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential anti-cancer effects of probiotic cell-free supernatant (CFS) treatment using <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i> for colorectal cancer (CRC) in 3D culture systems. Cell viability was assessed using MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/9/10/557 |
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| author | Joo-Eun Lee Jina Lee Ji Hyun Kim Namki Cho Sung Hoon Lee Sung Bum Park Byumseok Koh Dukjin Kang Seil Kim Hee Min Yoo |
| author_facet | Joo-Eun Lee Jina Lee Ji Hyun Kim Namki Cho Sung Hoon Lee Sung Bum Park Byumseok Koh Dukjin Kang Seil Kim Hee Min Yoo |
| author_sort | Joo-Eun Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study was to investigate the potential anti-cancer effects of probiotic cell-free supernatant (CFS) treatment using <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i> for colorectal cancer (CRC) in 3D culture systems. Cell viability was assessed using MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2<i>H</i>-tetrazolium, inner salt) assays, whereas apoptosis was monitored through RT-qPCR analysis of Bax, Bak, Noxa, and Bid mRNA expressions in addition to flow cytometry analysis of <i>Lactobacillus</i> cell-free supernatant (LCFS) treatment. Our results showed that the anti-cancer effect of LCFS on cell viability was pronouncedly enhanced in 3D-cultured HCT-116 cells, which was linked to the increased level of cleaved caspase 3. Additionally, upregulation of apoptotic marker gene mRNA transcription was dramatically increased in 3D cultured cells compared to 2D systems. In conclusion, this study suggests that LCFS enhances the activation of intrinsic apoptosis in HCT-116 cells and the potential anti-cancer effects of Lactobacilli mixtures in 3D culture systems. All in all, our study highlights the benefits of 3D culture models over 2D culture modeling in studying the anti-cancer effects of probiotics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T01:04:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-747452b1114344b4a2d1263efbb8c46e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T01:04:51Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-747452b1114344b4a2d1263efbb8c46e2022-12-22T01:26:13ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2019-10-0191055710.3390/biom9100557biom9100557Characterization of the Anti-Cancer Activity of the Probiotic Bacterium <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i> Using 2D vs. 3D Culture in Colorectal Cancer CellsJoo-Eun Lee0Jina Lee1Ji Hyun Kim2Namki Cho3Sung Hoon Lee4Sung Bum Park5Byumseok Koh6Dukjin Kang7Seil Kim8Hee Min Yoo9Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, KoreaCenter for Bioanalysis, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, KoreaCenter for Bioanalysis, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, KoreaCollege of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, KoreaTherapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, KoreaTherapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, KoreaCenter for Bioanalysis, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, KoreaCenter for Bioanalysis, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, KoreaCenter for Bioanalysis, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, KoreaThe aim of this study was to investigate the potential anti-cancer effects of probiotic cell-free supernatant (CFS) treatment using <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i> for colorectal cancer (CRC) in 3D culture systems. Cell viability was assessed using MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2<i>H</i>-tetrazolium, inner salt) assays, whereas apoptosis was monitored through RT-qPCR analysis of Bax, Bak, Noxa, and Bid mRNA expressions in addition to flow cytometry analysis of <i>Lactobacillus</i> cell-free supernatant (LCFS) treatment. Our results showed that the anti-cancer effect of LCFS on cell viability was pronouncedly enhanced in 3D-cultured HCT-116 cells, which was linked to the increased level of cleaved caspase 3. Additionally, upregulation of apoptotic marker gene mRNA transcription was dramatically increased in 3D cultured cells compared to 2D systems. In conclusion, this study suggests that LCFS enhances the activation of intrinsic apoptosis in HCT-116 cells and the potential anti-cancer effects of Lactobacilli mixtures in 3D culture systems. All in all, our study highlights the benefits of 3D culture models over 2D culture modeling in studying the anti-cancer effects of probiotics.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/9/10/557probiotics<i>lactobacillus fermentum</i>colorectal cancerapoptosisspheroid3d culture |
| spellingShingle | Joo-Eun Lee Jina Lee Ji Hyun Kim Namki Cho Sung Hoon Lee Sung Bum Park Byumseok Koh Dukjin Kang Seil Kim Hee Min Yoo Characterization of the Anti-Cancer Activity of the Probiotic Bacterium <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i> Using 2D vs. 3D Culture in Colorectal Cancer Cells Biomolecules probiotics <i>lactobacillus fermentum</i> colorectal cancer apoptosis spheroid 3d culture |
| title | Characterization of the Anti-Cancer Activity of the Probiotic Bacterium <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i> Using 2D vs. 3D Culture in Colorectal Cancer Cells |
| title_full | Characterization of the Anti-Cancer Activity of the Probiotic Bacterium <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i> Using 2D vs. 3D Culture in Colorectal Cancer Cells |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of the Anti-Cancer Activity of the Probiotic Bacterium <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i> Using 2D vs. 3D Culture in Colorectal Cancer Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of the Anti-Cancer Activity of the Probiotic Bacterium <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i> Using 2D vs. 3D Culture in Colorectal Cancer Cells |
| title_short | Characterization of the Anti-Cancer Activity of the Probiotic Bacterium <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i> Using 2D vs. 3D Culture in Colorectal Cancer Cells |
| title_sort | characterization of the anti cancer activity of the probiotic bacterium i lactobacillus fermentum i using 2d vs 3d culture in colorectal cancer cells |
| topic | probiotics <i>lactobacillus fermentum</i> colorectal cancer apoptosis spheroid 3d culture |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/9/10/557 |
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