Metabolism of Mycosporine-Glutamicol in the Lichen <i>Cladonia arbuscula</i> subsp. <i>squarrosa</i> under Seasonal Changes and Elevated Exposure to UV-B or PAR Irradiation
<i>Cladonia arbuscula</i> in its environmental niches is regularly affected by daily and annual variations in solar radiation. Mycosporine-glutamicol, Myc-Glu(OH), which it synthesizes, may act as a significant cellular UV-protector. Therefore, we studied this compound concentration in l...
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| author | Ewelina Chrapusta-Srebrny Jan Bialczyk Kornelia Duchnik Beata Bober |
| author_facet | Ewelina Chrapusta-Srebrny Jan Bialczyk Kornelia Duchnik Beata Bober |
| author_sort | Ewelina Chrapusta-Srebrny |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Cladonia arbuscula</i> in its environmental niches is regularly affected by daily and annual variations in solar radiation. Mycosporine-glutamicol, Myc-Glu(OH), which it synthesizes, may act as a significant cellular UV-protector. Therefore, we studied this compound concentration in lichen thalli concerning seasonal changes and increased exposure to UV-B and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) with/without simultaneous CO<sub>2</sub> deprivation. Myc-Glu(OH) occurred year-round and exhibited a strong seasonality. The most crucial role in the control of its synthesis played UV-B radiation, although its high concentration was also found after PAR irradiation at 1000 µmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. As PAR intensity increased to 2000 µmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, the rate of Myc-Glu(OH) synthesis slowed down. In turn, under dark/PAR irradiation with simultaneous deprivation of CO<sub>2</sub> in the atmosphere surrounding <i>C. arbuscula</i> and during darkness with continuous access to atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>, its production was insignificant. Obtained data confirmed that Myc-Glu(OH) plays an important role in protecting <i>C. arbuscula</i> from UV damage and favours its adaptation to environmental stress in its natural habitat. They also suggest that its synthesis is a synergism of multiple factors. Consequently, further studies should focus on their evaluation and the identification of a lichen partner actively involved in Myc-Glu(OH) biogenesis. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:12:41Z |
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| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-747bcac9413d46b59f486ed44bdf42ca2023-12-03T11:57:06ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892022-07-0112763210.3390/metabo12070632Metabolism of Mycosporine-Glutamicol in the Lichen <i>Cladonia arbuscula</i> subsp. <i>squarrosa</i> under Seasonal Changes and Elevated Exposure to UV-B or PAR IrradiationEwelina Chrapusta-Srebrny0Jan Bialczyk1Kornelia Duchnik2Beata Bober3Department of Plant Physiology and Development, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Plant Physiology and Development, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Plant Physiology and Development, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Plant Physiology and Development, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland<i>Cladonia arbuscula</i> in its environmental niches is regularly affected by daily and annual variations in solar radiation. Mycosporine-glutamicol, Myc-Glu(OH), which it synthesizes, may act as a significant cellular UV-protector. Therefore, we studied this compound concentration in lichen thalli concerning seasonal changes and increased exposure to UV-B and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) with/without simultaneous CO<sub>2</sub> deprivation. Myc-Glu(OH) occurred year-round and exhibited a strong seasonality. The most crucial role in the control of its synthesis played UV-B radiation, although its high concentration was also found after PAR irradiation at 1000 µmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. As PAR intensity increased to 2000 µmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, the rate of Myc-Glu(OH) synthesis slowed down. In turn, under dark/PAR irradiation with simultaneous deprivation of CO<sub>2</sub> in the atmosphere surrounding <i>C. arbuscula</i> and during darkness with continuous access to atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>, its production was insignificant. Obtained data confirmed that Myc-Glu(OH) plays an important role in protecting <i>C. arbuscula</i> from UV damage and favours its adaptation to environmental stress in its natural habitat. They also suggest that its synthesis is a synergism of multiple factors. Consequently, further studies should focus on their evaluation and the identification of a lichen partner actively involved in Myc-Glu(OH) biogenesis.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/7/632Myc-Glu(OH)mycosporine-like amino acidPAR exposurestress conditionsUV protectionUV-B exposure |
| spellingShingle | Ewelina Chrapusta-Srebrny Jan Bialczyk Kornelia Duchnik Beata Bober Metabolism of Mycosporine-Glutamicol in the Lichen <i>Cladonia arbuscula</i> subsp. <i>squarrosa</i> under Seasonal Changes and Elevated Exposure to UV-B or PAR Irradiation Metabolites Myc-Glu(OH) mycosporine-like amino acid PAR exposure stress conditions UV protection UV-B exposure |
| title | Metabolism of Mycosporine-Glutamicol in the Lichen <i>Cladonia arbuscula</i> subsp. <i>squarrosa</i> under Seasonal Changes and Elevated Exposure to UV-B or PAR Irradiation |
| title_full | Metabolism of Mycosporine-Glutamicol in the Lichen <i>Cladonia arbuscula</i> subsp. <i>squarrosa</i> under Seasonal Changes and Elevated Exposure to UV-B or PAR Irradiation |
| title_fullStr | Metabolism of Mycosporine-Glutamicol in the Lichen <i>Cladonia arbuscula</i> subsp. <i>squarrosa</i> under Seasonal Changes and Elevated Exposure to UV-B or PAR Irradiation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolism of Mycosporine-Glutamicol in the Lichen <i>Cladonia arbuscula</i> subsp. <i>squarrosa</i> under Seasonal Changes and Elevated Exposure to UV-B or PAR Irradiation |
| title_short | Metabolism of Mycosporine-Glutamicol in the Lichen <i>Cladonia arbuscula</i> subsp. <i>squarrosa</i> under Seasonal Changes and Elevated Exposure to UV-B or PAR Irradiation |
| title_sort | metabolism of mycosporine glutamicol in the lichen i cladonia arbuscula i subsp i squarrosa i under seasonal changes and elevated exposure to uv b or par irradiation |
| topic | Myc-Glu(OH) mycosporine-like amino acid PAR exposure stress conditions UV protection UV-B exposure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/7/632 |
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