Less Is More: A Hard Way to Get Potential Dwarfing Hybrid Rootstocks for Valencia Sweet Orange
As in several fruit crops, citrus trees with decreased size allow for a higher planting density, which may lead to higher productivity and facilitate operations such as harvesting and spraying. The use of dwarfing rootstocks is one of the most feasible methods for tree size control, but few commerci...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/4/354 |
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| author | Danilo Pereira Costa Eduardo Sanches Stuchi Eduardo Augusto Girardi Alécio Souza Moreira Abelmon da Silva Gesteira Mauricio Antonio Coelho Filho Carlos Alberto da Silva Ledo André Luiz Vanucci da Silva Helton Carlos de Leão Orlando Sampaio Passos Walter dos Santos Soares Filho |
| author_facet | Danilo Pereira Costa Eduardo Sanches Stuchi Eduardo Augusto Girardi Alécio Souza Moreira Abelmon da Silva Gesteira Mauricio Antonio Coelho Filho Carlos Alberto da Silva Ledo André Luiz Vanucci da Silva Helton Carlos de Leão Orlando Sampaio Passos Walter dos Santos Soares Filho |
| author_sort | Danilo Pereira Costa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As in several fruit crops, citrus trees with decreased size allow for a higher planting density, which may lead to higher productivity and facilitate operations such as harvesting and spraying. The use of dwarfing rootstocks is one of the most feasible methods for tree size control, but few commercial varieties are available to date. In this work, the long-term performance of Valencia sweet orange grafted onto 51 hybrid citrus rootstocks was evaluated in rainfed cultivation at 6.0 m × 2.5 m tree spacing in Northern São Paulo State, Brazil. About a third of the evaluated hybrids were classified as dwarfing and semi-dwarfing rootstocks, that is, respectively inducing a relative canopy volume of <40% and 40–60% compared with the standard rootstock, the Rangpur lime Santa Cruz selection. The production efficiency and soluble solids concentration were conversely related to the canopy volume. Three citrandarins of Sunki mandarin (TSKC) × Flying Dragon trifoliate orange (TRFD) were grouped within the most productive dwarfing rootstocks. Other hybrids that expressively decreased tree size were mainly sensitive to drought; therefore, the mean fruit yield was low, indicating the need for irrigation, albeit fruit quality was high. Estimated productivity on the selected TSKC × TRFD rootstocks would double to an average of 40 t·ha<sup>−1</sup>·year<sup>−1</sup> if tree spacing was adjusted to the smaller tree size. Although the HTR-208 citrandarin and the LCR × CTSW-009 citrumelimonia were as vigorous as the Santa Cruz Rangpur lime, they induced an outstanding fruit yield due to their highest tolerance to drought and, hence, can be considered for rainfed cultivation at wider tree spacing. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:18:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-747e6162a26247c68c424a067901f13b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:18:24Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-747e6162a26247c68c424a067901f13b2023-11-21T15:43:05ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722021-04-0111435410.3390/agriculture11040354Less Is More: A Hard Way to Get Potential Dwarfing Hybrid Rootstocks for Valencia Sweet OrangeDanilo Pereira Costa0Eduardo Sanches Stuchi1Eduardo Augusto Girardi2Alécio Souza Moreira3Abelmon da Silva Gesteira4Mauricio Antonio Coelho Filho5Carlos Alberto da Silva Ledo6André Luiz Vanucci da Silva7Helton Carlos de Leão8Orlando Sampaio Passos9Walter dos Santos Soares Filho10Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz—UESC, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus 45662-900, BrazilEmbrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Rua Embrapa-sn, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, BrazilEmbrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Rua Embrapa-sn, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, BrazilEmbrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Rua Embrapa-sn, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, BrazilEmbrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Rua Embrapa-sn, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, BrazilEmbrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Rua Embrapa-sn, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, BrazilEmbrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Rua Embrapa-sn, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, BrazilRua João Pessoa, nº 533, Centro, Matão 15990-020, BrazilJosé Marques Pinheiro Filho, nº 191, Jardim Maracanã, Araraquara 14802-480, BrazilEmbrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Rua Embrapa-sn, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, BrazilEmbrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Rua Embrapa-sn, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, BrazilAs in several fruit crops, citrus trees with decreased size allow for a higher planting density, which may lead to higher productivity and facilitate operations such as harvesting and spraying. The use of dwarfing rootstocks is one of the most feasible methods for tree size control, but few commercial varieties are available to date. In this work, the long-term performance of Valencia sweet orange grafted onto 51 hybrid citrus rootstocks was evaluated in rainfed cultivation at 6.0 m × 2.5 m tree spacing in Northern São Paulo State, Brazil. About a third of the evaluated hybrids were classified as dwarfing and semi-dwarfing rootstocks, that is, respectively inducing a relative canopy volume of <40% and 40–60% compared with the standard rootstock, the Rangpur lime Santa Cruz selection. The production efficiency and soluble solids concentration were conversely related to the canopy volume. Three citrandarins of Sunki mandarin (TSKC) × Flying Dragon trifoliate orange (TRFD) were grouped within the most productive dwarfing rootstocks. Other hybrids that expressively decreased tree size were mainly sensitive to drought; therefore, the mean fruit yield was low, indicating the need for irrigation, albeit fruit quality was high. Estimated productivity on the selected TSKC × TRFD rootstocks would double to an average of 40 t·ha<sup>−1</sup>·year<sup>−1</sup> if tree spacing was adjusted to the smaller tree size. Although the HTR-208 citrandarin and the LCR × CTSW-009 citrumelimonia were as vigorous as the Santa Cruz Rangpur lime, they induced an outstanding fruit yield due to their highest tolerance to drought and, hence, can be considered for rainfed cultivation at wider tree spacing.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/4/354<i>Citrus</i> spp.<i>Poncirus trifoliata</i>drought tolerancefruit qualityfruit yieldgraft compatibility |
| spellingShingle | Danilo Pereira Costa Eduardo Sanches Stuchi Eduardo Augusto Girardi Alécio Souza Moreira Abelmon da Silva Gesteira Mauricio Antonio Coelho Filho Carlos Alberto da Silva Ledo André Luiz Vanucci da Silva Helton Carlos de Leão Orlando Sampaio Passos Walter dos Santos Soares Filho Less Is More: A Hard Way to Get Potential Dwarfing Hybrid Rootstocks for Valencia Sweet Orange Agriculture <i>Citrus</i> spp. <i>Poncirus trifoliata</i> drought tolerance fruit quality fruit yield graft compatibility |
| title | Less Is More: A Hard Way to Get Potential Dwarfing Hybrid Rootstocks for Valencia Sweet Orange |
| title_full | Less Is More: A Hard Way to Get Potential Dwarfing Hybrid Rootstocks for Valencia Sweet Orange |
| title_fullStr | Less Is More: A Hard Way to Get Potential Dwarfing Hybrid Rootstocks for Valencia Sweet Orange |
| title_full_unstemmed | Less Is More: A Hard Way to Get Potential Dwarfing Hybrid Rootstocks for Valencia Sweet Orange |
| title_short | Less Is More: A Hard Way to Get Potential Dwarfing Hybrid Rootstocks for Valencia Sweet Orange |
| title_sort | less is more a hard way to get potential dwarfing hybrid rootstocks for valencia sweet orange |
| topic | <i>Citrus</i> spp. <i>Poncirus trifoliata</i> drought tolerance fruit quality fruit yield graft compatibility |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/4/354 |
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