Discrimination of <i>Syzygium samarangense</i> cv. ‘Giant Green’ Leaves at Different Maturity Stages by FTIR and GCMS Fingerprinting
‘Giant Green’ is one of the <i>Syzygium samarangense</i> cultivars planted throughout Malaysia because it has great potential for benefitting human health. However, its variation in chemical compounds, especially in the leaves at different maturity stages, cannot be systematically discri...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/5/609 |
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| author | Nuruljannah Suhaida Idris Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker Zalilawati Mat Rashid Ali Majrashi Mekhled Mutiran Alenazi Ahmad Faris Mohd Adnan Khairil Mahmud Nashriyah Mat |
| author_facet | Nuruljannah Suhaida Idris Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker Zalilawati Mat Rashid Ali Majrashi Mekhled Mutiran Alenazi Ahmad Faris Mohd Adnan Khairil Mahmud Nashriyah Mat |
| author_sort | Nuruljannah Suhaida Idris |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ‘Giant Green’ is one of the <i>Syzygium samarangense</i> cultivars planted throughout Malaysia because it has great potential for benefitting human health. However, its variation in chemical compounds, especially in the leaves at different maturity stages, cannot be systematically discriminated. Hence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS) coupled with chemometric tools were applied to discriminate between the different stages of leaves, namely, young, mature, and old leaves. The chemical variability among the samples was evaluated by using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) techniques. For discrimination, partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) was applied, and then partial least squares (PLS) was used to determine the correlation between biological activities (antioxidant and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory assay) and maturity stages of ‘Giant Green’ leaves. As a result, the PCA, HCA, and PLS-DA of the FTIR and GC-MS data showed the separation between clusters for the different maturity stages of the leaves. Additionally, the PLS result demonstrated that the young leaves showed a strong correlation between metabolite quantities and biological activities. The findings of this study revealed that FTIR and GC-MS coupled with chemometric analyses can be used as a rapid method for the discrimination of bioactive structural functions in relation to their biological activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:40:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-748ea7380b62462b8c735147d8a621e5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:40:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-748ea7380b62462b8c735147d8a621e52023-11-18T01:35:17ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242023-05-019560910.3390/horticulturae9050609Discrimination of <i>Syzygium samarangense</i> cv. ‘Giant Green’ Leaves at Different Maturity Stages by FTIR and GCMS FingerprintingNuruljannah Suhaida Idris0Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker1Zalilawati Mat Rashid2Ali Majrashi3Mekhled Mutiran Alenazi4Ahmad Faris Mohd Adnan5Khairil Mahmud6Nashriyah Mat7School of Agriculture Science & Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, Besut 22200, Terengganu, MalaysiaSchool of Agriculture Science & Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, Besut 22200, Terengganu, MalaysiaSchool of Food Industry, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, Besut 22200, Terengganu, MalaysiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaPlant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaInstitute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaSchool of Agriculture Science & Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, Besut 22200, Terengganu, Malaysia‘Giant Green’ is one of the <i>Syzygium samarangense</i> cultivars planted throughout Malaysia because it has great potential for benefitting human health. However, its variation in chemical compounds, especially in the leaves at different maturity stages, cannot be systematically discriminated. Hence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS) coupled with chemometric tools were applied to discriminate between the different stages of leaves, namely, young, mature, and old leaves. The chemical variability among the samples was evaluated by using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) techniques. For discrimination, partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) was applied, and then partial least squares (PLS) was used to determine the correlation between biological activities (antioxidant and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory assay) and maturity stages of ‘Giant Green’ leaves. As a result, the PCA, HCA, and PLS-DA of the FTIR and GC-MS data showed the separation between clusters for the different maturity stages of the leaves. Additionally, the PLS result demonstrated that the young leaves showed a strong correlation between metabolite quantities and biological activities. The findings of this study revealed that FTIR and GC-MS coupled with chemometric analyses can be used as a rapid method for the discrimination of bioactive structural functions in relation to their biological activity.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/5/609Giant Green cultivarantioxidantalpha-glucosidase inhibitionFTIRGC-MSPLS |
| spellingShingle | Nuruljannah Suhaida Idris Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker Zalilawati Mat Rashid Ali Majrashi Mekhled Mutiran Alenazi Ahmad Faris Mohd Adnan Khairil Mahmud Nashriyah Mat Discrimination of <i>Syzygium samarangense</i> cv. ‘Giant Green’ Leaves at Different Maturity Stages by FTIR and GCMS Fingerprinting Horticulturae Giant Green cultivar antioxidant alpha-glucosidase inhibition FTIR GC-MS PLS |
| title | Discrimination of <i>Syzygium samarangense</i> cv. ‘Giant Green’ Leaves at Different Maturity Stages by FTIR and GCMS Fingerprinting |
| title_full | Discrimination of <i>Syzygium samarangense</i> cv. ‘Giant Green’ Leaves at Different Maturity Stages by FTIR and GCMS Fingerprinting |
| title_fullStr | Discrimination of <i>Syzygium samarangense</i> cv. ‘Giant Green’ Leaves at Different Maturity Stages by FTIR and GCMS Fingerprinting |
| title_full_unstemmed | Discrimination of <i>Syzygium samarangense</i> cv. ‘Giant Green’ Leaves at Different Maturity Stages by FTIR and GCMS Fingerprinting |
| title_short | Discrimination of <i>Syzygium samarangense</i> cv. ‘Giant Green’ Leaves at Different Maturity Stages by FTIR and GCMS Fingerprinting |
| title_sort | discrimination of i syzygium samarangense i cv giant green leaves at different maturity stages by ftir and gcms fingerprinting |
| topic | Giant Green cultivar antioxidant alpha-glucosidase inhibition FTIR GC-MS PLS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/5/609 |
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