Interplay of Aging and Hypertension in Cardiac Remodeling: A Mathematical Geometric Model.
Hypertensive disorder can cause cardiac deformities. Elastic characteristic parameters, like Young's modulus of elasticity (E) derived from a traditional cylindrical model, increase significantly with aging. However, the geometric and component changes of aging hearts because of chronic hyperte...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2016-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5158006?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1818034121253847040 |
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| author | Wei-Ting Chang Jung-San Chen Meng-Hang Tsai Wei-Chuan Tsai Jer-Nan Juang Ping-Yen Liu |
| author_facet | Wei-Ting Chang Jung-San Chen Meng-Hang Tsai Wei-Chuan Tsai Jer-Nan Juang Ping-Yen Liu |
| author_sort | Wei-Ting Chang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hypertensive disorder can cause cardiac deformities. Elastic characteristic parameters, like Young's modulus of elasticity (E) derived from a traditional cylindrical model, increase significantly with aging. However, the geometric and component changes of aging hearts because of chronic hypertension remain unknown. To better describe the effects, we propose an elliptical elastic and mathematical model to evaluate myocardial stiffness. Ninety-six hypertensive patients (HTNPos) (men: 59.3%; age ≥ 65 years: 20.8%) were enrolled and compared with normotensive controls (HTNNeg) (n = 47, 48.9%). HTNPos patients had a thicker interventricular septum in diastole (IVSd) (HTNPos: 0.96 ± 0.21 cm vs. HTNNeg: 0.77 ± 0.15; p = 0.005) and higher intracardiac pressure (e/e': 9.06 ± 4.85 cm vs. 7.76 ± 3.41; p = 0.01), especially the elderly (> 65 years) (IVSd: 1.03 ± 0.19 cm, e/e': 11.39 ± 1.99; p = 0.006 and 0.01, respectively). Nevertheless, the internal dimension decreased more significantly in the HTNPos rather than in the HTNNeg elderly (5.23 ± 0.46 vs. 4.74 ± 0.69 cm; p = 0.02). We found different directions of cardiac remodeling with normotensive and hypertensive loads. Different from the longitudinal and circumferential strain, E and Poisson's ratio (υ) are values that directly present the rigidity of myocardium. E was significantly higher in the elderly (8011.92 ± 2431.85 vs. 6052.43 ± 3121.50; p = 0.02), whereas υ was significantly higher in all HTNPos patients (0.73 ± 0.12 vs. 0.61 ± 0.07; p < 0.001). Because E and υ reflected the material changes of myocardium in the HTNPos elderly, the proposed elliptical mathematical heart model better describes the geometric deformity induced by aging and hypertension. |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-749642f61b41449a8da529baceb9f3c3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T06:34:07Z |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| spelling | doaj.art-749642f61b41449a8da529baceb9f3c32022-12-22T01:58:58ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032016-01-011112e016807110.1371/journal.pone.0168071Interplay of Aging and Hypertension in Cardiac Remodeling: A Mathematical Geometric Model.Wei-Ting ChangJung-San ChenMeng-Hang TsaiWei-Chuan TsaiJer-Nan JuangPing-Yen LiuHypertensive disorder can cause cardiac deformities. Elastic characteristic parameters, like Young's modulus of elasticity (E) derived from a traditional cylindrical model, increase significantly with aging. However, the geometric and component changes of aging hearts because of chronic hypertension remain unknown. To better describe the effects, we propose an elliptical elastic and mathematical model to evaluate myocardial stiffness. Ninety-six hypertensive patients (HTNPos) (men: 59.3%; age ≥ 65 years: 20.8%) were enrolled and compared with normotensive controls (HTNNeg) (n = 47, 48.9%). HTNPos patients had a thicker interventricular septum in diastole (IVSd) (HTNPos: 0.96 ± 0.21 cm vs. HTNNeg: 0.77 ± 0.15; p = 0.005) and higher intracardiac pressure (e/e': 9.06 ± 4.85 cm vs. 7.76 ± 3.41; p = 0.01), especially the elderly (> 65 years) (IVSd: 1.03 ± 0.19 cm, e/e': 11.39 ± 1.99; p = 0.006 and 0.01, respectively). Nevertheless, the internal dimension decreased more significantly in the HTNPos rather than in the HTNNeg elderly (5.23 ± 0.46 vs. 4.74 ± 0.69 cm; p = 0.02). We found different directions of cardiac remodeling with normotensive and hypertensive loads. Different from the longitudinal and circumferential strain, E and Poisson's ratio (υ) are values that directly present the rigidity of myocardium. E was significantly higher in the elderly (8011.92 ± 2431.85 vs. 6052.43 ± 3121.50; p = 0.02), whereas υ was significantly higher in all HTNPos patients (0.73 ± 0.12 vs. 0.61 ± 0.07; p < 0.001). Because E and υ reflected the material changes of myocardium in the HTNPos elderly, the proposed elliptical mathematical heart model better describes the geometric deformity induced by aging and hypertension.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5158006?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Wei-Ting Chang Jung-San Chen Meng-Hang Tsai Wei-Chuan Tsai Jer-Nan Juang Ping-Yen Liu Interplay of Aging and Hypertension in Cardiac Remodeling: A Mathematical Geometric Model. PLoS ONE |
| title | Interplay of Aging and Hypertension in Cardiac Remodeling: A Mathematical Geometric Model. |
| title_full | Interplay of Aging and Hypertension in Cardiac Remodeling: A Mathematical Geometric Model. |
| title_fullStr | Interplay of Aging and Hypertension in Cardiac Remodeling: A Mathematical Geometric Model. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Interplay of Aging and Hypertension in Cardiac Remodeling: A Mathematical Geometric Model. |
| title_short | Interplay of Aging and Hypertension in Cardiac Remodeling: A Mathematical Geometric Model. |
| title_sort | interplay of aging and hypertension in cardiac remodeling a mathematical geometric model |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5158006?pdf=render |
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