Complementary Effects of Dark Septate Endophytes and <i>Trichoderma</i> Strains on Growth and Active Ingredient Accumulation of <i>Astragalus mongholicus</i> under Drought Stress
Drought is a major abiotic stress factor affecting plant growth and production, while utilizing beneficial endophytic fungi is one of the most promising strategies for enhancing plant growth and drought tolerance. In the current study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the beneficial eff...
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/9/920 |
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| author | Min Li Yanfang Ren Chao He Jiaojie Yao Miao Wei Xueli He |
| author_facet | Min Li Yanfang Ren Chao He Jiaojie Yao Miao Wei Xueli He |
| author_sort | Min Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Drought is a major abiotic stress factor affecting plant growth and production, while utilizing beneficial endophytic fungi is one of the most promising strategies for enhancing plant growth and drought tolerance. In the current study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the beneficial effects of dark septate endophyte (DSE) (<i>Macrophomina pseudophaseolina</i>, <i>Paraphoma radicina</i>) and <i>Trichoderma</i> (<i>Trichoderma</i> <i>afroharzianum</i>, <i>Trichoderma</i> <i>longibrachiatum</i>) inoculum on <i>Astragalus mongholicus</i> grown in sterile soil under drought stress, alone, or in combination. The addition of <i>Trichoderma</i> enhanced the DSE colonization in roots regardless of the water condition. Under well-watered conditions, <i>M. pseudophaseolina</i> inoculation significantly enhanced the biomass and root length of <i>A. mongholicus</i>. The two DSE and <i>Trichoderma</i> inoculum significantly improved calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside content. However, <i>M</i>. <i>pseudophaseolina</i> + <i>T.</i> <i>afroharzianum</i> inoculation better promoted root growth, whereas co-inoculation had higher active ingredient contents compared with single inoculation, except for <i>P. radicina</i> + <i>T.</i> <i>afroharzianum</i>. Under drought stress, DSE and <i>Trichoderma</i> inoculum significantly improved root biomass, root length, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside content, and activities of nitrate reductase and soil urease. <i>P. radicina</i> + <i>T. afroharzianum</i> and <i>P. radicina</i> + <i>T.</i> <i>longibrachiatum</i> better increased root length, and all combinations of DSE and <i>Trichoderma</i> had a greater impact on the increase in formononetin content compared with the single treatments. Additionally, <i>Trichoderma</i> relies on antioxidant enzymes, growth hormones, and the redox system (ascorbic acid–glutathione) to resist drought, while DSE strains have an additional osmotic regulation system in addition to the drought resistance function possessed by <i>Trichoderma</i>, and the effect of co-inoculation (especially <i>M</i>. <i>pseudophaseolina</i> + <i>T.</i> <i>longibrachiatum</i> and <i>P. radicina</i> + <i>T. afroharzianum</i>) on plant physiological parameters was greater than that of single inoculation. This study provides a new research direction for the effects of DSE and <i>Trichoderma</i> on medicinal plant cultivated in dryland. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-74967c877c984ccbaa3d602fb2200efc2023-11-23T17:09:17ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2022-08-018992010.3390/jof8090920Complementary Effects of Dark Septate Endophytes and <i>Trichoderma</i> Strains on Growth and Active Ingredient Accumulation of <i>Astragalus mongholicus</i> under Drought StressMin Li0Yanfang Ren1Chao He2Jiaojie Yao3Miao Wei4Xueli He5School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, ChinaInstitute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, ChinaDrought is a major abiotic stress factor affecting plant growth and production, while utilizing beneficial endophytic fungi is one of the most promising strategies for enhancing plant growth and drought tolerance. In the current study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the beneficial effects of dark septate endophyte (DSE) (<i>Macrophomina pseudophaseolina</i>, <i>Paraphoma radicina</i>) and <i>Trichoderma</i> (<i>Trichoderma</i> <i>afroharzianum</i>, <i>Trichoderma</i> <i>longibrachiatum</i>) inoculum on <i>Astragalus mongholicus</i> grown in sterile soil under drought stress, alone, or in combination. The addition of <i>Trichoderma</i> enhanced the DSE colonization in roots regardless of the water condition. Under well-watered conditions, <i>M. pseudophaseolina</i> inoculation significantly enhanced the biomass and root length of <i>A. mongholicus</i>. The two DSE and <i>Trichoderma</i> inoculum significantly improved calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside content. However, <i>M</i>. <i>pseudophaseolina</i> + <i>T.</i> <i>afroharzianum</i> inoculation better promoted root growth, whereas co-inoculation had higher active ingredient contents compared with single inoculation, except for <i>P. radicina</i> + <i>T.</i> <i>afroharzianum</i>. Under drought stress, DSE and <i>Trichoderma</i> inoculum significantly improved root biomass, root length, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside content, and activities of nitrate reductase and soil urease. <i>P. radicina</i> + <i>T. afroharzianum</i> and <i>P. radicina</i> + <i>T.</i> <i>longibrachiatum</i> better increased root length, and all combinations of DSE and <i>Trichoderma</i> had a greater impact on the increase in formononetin content compared with the single treatments. Additionally, <i>Trichoderma</i> relies on antioxidant enzymes, growth hormones, and the redox system (ascorbic acid–glutathione) to resist drought, while DSE strains have an additional osmotic regulation system in addition to the drought resistance function possessed by <i>Trichoderma</i>, and the effect of co-inoculation (especially <i>M</i>. <i>pseudophaseolina</i> + <i>T.</i> <i>longibrachiatum</i> and <i>P. radicina</i> + <i>T. afroharzianum</i>) on plant physiological parameters was greater than that of single inoculation. This study provides a new research direction for the effects of DSE and <i>Trichoderma</i> on medicinal plant cultivated in dryland.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/9/920dark septate endophyte<i>Trichoderma</i>co-inoculationdrought stress<i>Astragalus mongholicus</i> |
| spellingShingle | Min Li Yanfang Ren Chao He Jiaojie Yao Miao Wei Xueli He Complementary Effects of Dark Septate Endophytes and <i>Trichoderma</i> Strains on Growth and Active Ingredient Accumulation of <i>Astragalus mongholicus</i> under Drought Stress Journal of Fungi dark septate endophyte <i>Trichoderma</i> co-inoculation drought stress <i>Astragalus mongholicus</i> |
| title | Complementary Effects of Dark Septate Endophytes and <i>Trichoderma</i> Strains on Growth and Active Ingredient Accumulation of <i>Astragalus mongholicus</i> under Drought Stress |
| title_full | Complementary Effects of Dark Septate Endophytes and <i>Trichoderma</i> Strains on Growth and Active Ingredient Accumulation of <i>Astragalus mongholicus</i> under Drought Stress |
| title_fullStr | Complementary Effects of Dark Septate Endophytes and <i>Trichoderma</i> Strains on Growth and Active Ingredient Accumulation of <i>Astragalus mongholicus</i> under Drought Stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Complementary Effects of Dark Septate Endophytes and <i>Trichoderma</i> Strains on Growth and Active Ingredient Accumulation of <i>Astragalus mongholicus</i> under Drought Stress |
| title_short | Complementary Effects of Dark Septate Endophytes and <i>Trichoderma</i> Strains on Growth and Active Ingredient Accumulation of <i>Astragalus mongholicus</i> under Drought Stress |
| title_sort | complementary effects of dark septate endophytes and i trichoderma i strains on growth and active ingredient accumulation of i astragalus mongholicus i under drought stress |
| topic | dark septate endophyte <i>Trichoderma</i> co-inoculation drought stress <i>Astragalus mongholicus</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/9/920 |
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