Role of Viral Protein U (Vpu) in HIV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and HIV-2 originated from cross-species transmission of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs). Most of these transfers resulted in limited spread of these viruses to humans. However, one transmission event involving SIVcpz from chimpanzees gave rise to group M H...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/8/1466 |
| _version_ | 1797521872324132864 |
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| author | Nabab Khan Jonathan D. Geiger |
| author_facet | Nabab Khan Jonathan D. Geiger |
| author_sort | Nabab Khan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and HIV-2 originated from cross-species transmission of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs). Most of these transfers resulted in limited spread of these viruses to humans. However, one transmission event involving SIVcpz from chimpanzees gave rise to group M HIV-1, with M being the principal strain of HIV-1 responsible for the AIDS pandemic. Vpu is an HIV-1 accessory protein generated from <i>Env</i>/<i>Vpu</i> encoded bicistronic mRNA and localized in cytosolic and membrane regions of cells capable of being infected by HIV-1 and that regulate HIV-1 infection and transmission by downregulating BST-2, CD4 proteins levels, and immune evasion. This review will focus of critical aspects of Vpu including its zoonosis, the adaptive hurdles to cross-species transmission, and future perspectives and broad implications of Vpu in HIV-1 infection and dissemination. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:18:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-749db7b3d1d04619973f42e2ec576fcb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:18:39Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-749db7b3d1d04619973f42e2ec576fcb2023-11-22T10:09:41ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-07-01138146610.3390/v13081466Role of Viral Protein U (Vpu) in HIV-1 Infection and PathogenesisNabab Khan0Jonathan D. Geiger1Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, 504 Hamline Street, Room 110, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USADepartment of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, 504 Hamline Street, Room 110, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USAHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and HIV-2 originated from cross-species transmission of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs). Most of these transfers resulted in limited spread of these viruses to humans. However, one transmission event involving SIVcpz from chimpanzees gave rise to group M HIV-1, with M being the principal strain of HIV-1 responsible for the AIDS pandemic. Vpu is an HIV-1 accessory protein generated from <i>Env</i>/<i>Vpu</i> encoded bicistronic mRNA and localized in cytosolic and membrane regions of cells capable of being infected by HIV-1 and that regulate HIV-1 infection and transmission by downregulating BST-2, CD4 proteins levels, and immune evasion. This review will focus of critical aspects of Vpu including its zoonosis, the adaptive hurdles to cross-species transmission, and future perspectives and broad implications of Vpu in HIV-1 infection and dissemination.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/8/1466human immunodeficiency virus-1 and -2simian immunodeficiency virusesviral protein U (Vpu)bone marrow stromal antigen 2transmembrane domainendoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway |
| spellingShingle | Nabab Khan Jonathan D. Geiger Role of Viral Protein U (Vpu) in HIV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis Viruses human immunodeficiency virus-1 and -2 simian immunodeficiency viruses viral protein U (Vpu) bone marrow stromal antigen 2 transmembrane domain endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway |
| title | Role of Viral Protein U (Vpu) in HIV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis |
| title_full | Role of Viral Protein U (Vpu) in HIV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis |
| title_fullStr | Role of Viral Protein U (Vpu) in HIV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of Viral Protein U (Vpu) in HIV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis |
| title_short | Role of Viral Protein U (Vpu) in HIV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis |
| title_sort | role of viral protein u vpu in hiv 1 infection and pathogenesis |
| topic | human immunodeficiency virus-1 and -2 simian immunodeficiency viruses viral protein U (Vpu) bone marrow stromal antigen 2 transmembrane domain endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/8/1466 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nababkhan roleofviralproteinuvpuinhiv1infectionandpathogenesis AT jonathandgeiger roleofviralproteinuvpuinhiv1infectionandpathogenesis |