The multiple faces of extracellular vesicles released by microglia: Where are we 10 years after?
As resident component of the innate immunity in the central nervous system (CNS), microglia are key players in pathology. However, they also exert fundamental roles in brain development and homeostasis maintenance. They are extremely sensitive and plastic, as they assiduously monitor the environment...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2022.984690/full |
| _version_ | 1811270116092936192 |
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| author | Martina Gabrielli Stefano Raffaele Marta Fumagalli Claudia Verderio |
| author_facet | Martina Gabrielli Stefano Raffaele Marta Fumagalli Claudia Verderio |
| author_sort | Martina Gabrielli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As resident component of the innate immunity in the central nervous system (CNS), microglia are key players in pathology. However, they also exert fundamental roles in brain development and homeostasis maintenance. They are extremely sensitive and plastic, as they assiduously monitor the environment, adapting their function in response to stimuli. On consequence, microglia may be defined a heterogeneous community of cells in a dynamic equilibrium. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by microglia mirror the dynamic nature of their donor cells, exerting important and versatile functions in the CNS as unbounded conveyors of bioactive signals. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on EVs released by microglia, highlighting their heterogeneous properties and multifaceted effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T21:55:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-74a62b1ce64b4d199adee6f154306a4d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5102 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T21:55:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-74a62b1ce64b4d199adee6f154306a4d2022-12-22T03:15:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience1662-51022022-09-011610.3389/fncel.2022.984690984690The multiple faces of extracellular vesicles released by microglia: Where are we 10 years after?Martina Gabrielli0Stefano Raffaele1Marta Fumagalli2Claudia Verderio3CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Vedano al Lambro, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, ItalyCNR Institute of Neuroscience, Vedano al Lambro, ItalyAs resident component of the innate immunity in the central nervous system (CNS), microglia are key players in pathology. However, they also exert fundamental roles in brain development and homeostasis maintenance. They are extremely sensitive and plastic, as they assiduously monitor the environment, adapting their function in response to stimuli. On consequence, microglia may be defined a heterogeneous community of cells in a dynamic equilibrium. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by microglia mirror the dynamic nature of their donor cells, exerting important and versatile functions in the CNS as unbounded conveyors of bioactive signals. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on EVs released by microglia, highlighting their heterogeneous properties and multifaceted effects.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2022.984690/fullmicrogliaextracellular vesiclesheterogeneitycell-to-cell communicationexosomesmicrovesicles |
| spellingShingle | Martina Gabrielli Stefano Raffaele Marta Fumagalli Claudia Verderio The multiple faces of extracellular vesicles released by microglia: Where are we 10 years after? Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience microglia extracellular vesicles heterogeneity cell-to-cell communication exosomes microvesicles |
| title | The multiple faces of extracellular vesicles released by microglia: Where are we 10 years after? |
| title_full | The multiple faces of extracellular vesicles released by microglia: Where are we 10 years after? |
| title_fullStr | The multiple faces of extracellular vesicles released by microglia: Where are we 10 years after? |
| title_full_unstemmed | The multiple faces of extracellular vesicles released by microglia: Where are we 10 years after? |
| title_short | The multiple faces of extracellular vesicles released by microglia: Where are we 10 years after? |
| title_sort | multiple faces of extracellular vesicles released by microglia where are we 10 years after |
| topic | microglia extracellular vesicles heterogeneity cell-to-cell communication exosomes microvesicles |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2022.984690/full |
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