Research on the degradation mechanism of the lead-glazed cups from the ‘Yangtze River estuary No. 2’ shipwreck
The ‘Yangtze River Estuary No. 2’ shipwreck of the Qing Dynasty (1636–1912 CE) is one of the most well-preserved ancient wooden shipwrecks discovered underwater in China to date. Unfortunately, most green lead-glazed cups salvaged out of the shipwreck have severely degraded and generally blackened i...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Open Ceramics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666539523000329 |
| _version_ | 1797818287726264320 |
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| author | Yan He Weidong Li Yang Zhai Luo Zhao Xiaoke Lu Changsong Xu |
| author_facet | Yan He Weidong Li Yang Zhai Luo Zhao Xiaoke Lu Changsong Xu |
| author_sort | Yan He |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The ‘Yangtze River Estuary No. 2’ shipwreck of the Qing Dynasty (1636–1912 CE) is one of the most well-preserved ancient wooden shipwrecks discovered underwater in China to date. Unfortunately, most green lead-glazed cups salvaged out of the shipwreck have severely degraded and generally blackened in the underwater environment. In this study, the degradation mechanism of the lead glaze in the underwater environment were investigated in depth. It was found that the degradation of lead glaze involved several complex chemical and physical processes. The special environmental conditions caused by the corrosion of iron components in the shipwrecks may be an important reason for the loss of Si elements in corrosion layers. The appearance changes of the green glaze are related to the leaching of Cu2+ ions and the gradual transformation to a lead-rich corrosion layer. The iridescent phenomenon may be related to the thin-film interference of the laminated corrosion layers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T09:05:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-74aa78bd2cb94a74b5037fb33f6aa48f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2666-5395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T09:05:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Open Ceramics |
| spelling | doaj.art-74aa78bd2cb94a74b5037fb33f6aa48f2023-05-28T04:09:22ZengElsevierOpen Ceramics2666-53952023-06-0114100360Research on the degradation mechanism of the lead-glazed cups from the ‘Yangtze River estuary No. 2’ shipwreckYan He0Weidong Li1Yang Zhai2Luo Zhao3Xiaoke Lu4Changsong Xu5Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201899, China; Key Scientific Research Base of Ancient Ceramics, State Administration for Cultural Heritage, Shanghai, 201899, China; Key Laboratory of the Comprehensive Analysis Technology for Ancient Ceramics and Its Applications, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Shanghai, 201899, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, ChinaShanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201899, China; Key Scientific Research Base of Ancient Ceramics, State Administration for Cultural Heritage, Shanghai, 201899, China; Key Laboratory of the Comprehensive Analysis Technology for Ancient Ceramics and Its Applications, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Shanghai, 201899, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Corresponding author. Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201899, China.Shanghai Museum, Shanghai, 200003, China; Corresponding author.Shanghai Cultural Heritage Conservation and Research Center, Shanghai, 200031, ChinaShanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201899, China; Key Scientific Research Base of Ancient Ceramics, State Administration for Cultural Heritage, Shanghai, 201899, China; Key Laboratory of the Comprehensive Analysis Technology for Ancient Ceramics and Its Applications, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Shanghai, 201899, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, ChinaShanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201899, China; Key Scientific Research Base of Ancient Ceramics, State Administration for Cultural Heritage, Shanghai, 201899, China; Key Laboratory of the Comprehensive Analysis Technology for Ancient Ceramics and Its Applications, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Shanghai, 201899, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, ChinaThe ‘Yangtze River Estuary No. 2’ shipwreck of the Qing Dynasty (1636–1912 CE) is one of the most well-preserved ancient wooden shipwrecks discovered underwater in China to date. Unfortunately, most green lead-glazed cups salvaged out of the shipwreck have severely degraded and generally blackened in the underwater environment. In this study, the degradation mechanism of the lead glaze in the underwater environment were investigated in depth. It was found that the degradation of lead glaze involved several complex chemical and physical processes. The special environmental conditions caused by the corrosion of iron components in the shipwrecks may be an important reason for the loss of Si elements in corrosion layers. The appearance changes of the green glaze are related to the leaching of Cu2+ ions and the gradual transformation to a lead-rich corrosion layer. The iridescent phenomenon may be related to the thin-film interference of the laminated corrosion layers.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666539523000329Yangtze river estuary no. 2’ shipwreckLead-glazed cupsDegradation mechanismLaminated layers |
| spellingShingle | Yan He Weidong Li Yang Zhai Luo Zhao Xiaoke Lu Changsong Xu Research on the degradation mechanism of the lead-glazed cups from the ‘Yangtze River estuary No. 2’ shipwreck Open Ceramics Yangtze river estuary no. 2’ shipwreck Lead-glazed cups Degradation mechanism Laminated layers |
| title | Research on the degradation mechanism of the lead-glazed cups from the ‘Yangtze River estuary No. 2’ shipwreck |
| title_full | Research on the degradation mechanism of the lead-glazed cups from the ‘Yangtze River estuary No. 2’ shipwreck |
| title_fullStr | Research on the degradation mechanism of the lead-glazed cups from the ‘Yangtze River estuary No. 2’ shipwreck |
| title_full_unstemmed | Research on the degradation mechanism of the lead-glazed cups from the ‘Yangtze River estuary No. 2’ shipwreck |
| title_short | Research on the degradation mechanism of the lead-glazed cups from the ‘Yangtze River estuary No. 2’ shipwreck |
| title_sort | research on the degradation mechanism of the lead glazed cups from the yangtze river estuary no 2 shipwreck |
| topic | Yangtze river estuary no. 2’ shipwreck Lead-glazed cups Degradation mechanism Laminated layers |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666539523000329 |
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