The genetic regulation of infant immune responses to vaccination
A number of factors are recognised to influence immune responses to vaccinations including age, gender, the dose and quality of the antigen used, the number of doses given, the route of administration and the nutritional status of the recipient. Additionally, several immunogenetic studies have iden...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2015-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00018/full |
| _version_ | 1811261998769373184 |
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| author | Melanie eNewport |
| author_facet | Melanie eNewport |
| author_sort | Melanie eNewport |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A number of factors are recognised to influence immune responses to vaccinations including age, gender, the dose and quality of the antigen used, the number of doses given, the route of administration and the nutritional status of the recipient. Additionally, several immunogenetic studies have identified associations between polymorphisms in genes encoding immune response proteins, both innate and adaptive, and variation in responses to vaccines. Variants in the genes encoding Toll-like receptors, HLA molecules, cytokines, cytokine receptors have associated with heterogeneity of responses to a wide range of vaccines including measles, hepatitis B, influenza A, BCG, Haemophilus influenzae type b and certain Neisseria meningitidis serotypes, amongst others. However, the vast majority of these studies have been conducted in older children and adults and there are very few data available from studies conducted in infants. This paper reviews the evidence to date that host genes influencing vaccines responses in these older population and identifies a large gap in our understanding of the genetic regulation of responses in early life. . Given the high mortality from infection in early life and the challenges of developing vaccines that generate effective immune responses in the context of the developing immune system further research on infant populations is required. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T19:17:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-74bcac923d66423dada7f92b51bb53ee |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T19:17:03Z |
| publishDate | 2015-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-74bcac923d66423dada7f92b51bb53ee2022-12-22T03:19:43ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242015-02-01610.3389/fimmu.2015.00018118370The genetic regulation of infant immune responses to vaccinationMelanie eNewport0BSMSA number of factors are recognised to influence immune responses to vaccinations including age, gender, the dose and quality of the antigen used, the number of doses given, the route of administration and the nutritional status of the recipient. Additionally, several immunogenetic studies have identified associations between polymorphisms in genes encoding immune response proteins, both innate and adaptive, and variation in responses to vaccines. Variants in the genes encoding Toll-like receptors, HLA molecules, cytokines, cytokine receptors have associated with heterogeneity of responses to a wide range of vaccines including measles, hepatitis B, influenza A, BCG, Haemophilus influenzae type b and certain Neisseria meningitidis serotypes, amongst others. However, the vast majority of these studies have been conducted in older children and adults and there are very few data available from studies conducted in infants. This paper reviews the evidence to date that host genes influencing vaccines responses in these older population and identifies a large gap in our understanding of the genetic regulation of responses in early life. . Given the high mortality from infection in early life and the challenges of developing vaccines that generate effective immune responses in the context of the developing immune system further research on infant populations is required.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00018/fullChild MortalityTranscription, Geneticcandidate genessnpsGWAS (genome-wide association study) |
| spellingShingle | Melanie eNewport The genetic regulation of infant immune responses to vaccination Frontiers in Immunology Child Mortality Transcription, Genetic candidate genes snps GWAS (genome-wide association study) |
| title | The genetic regulation of infant immune responses to vaccination |
| title_full | The genetic regulation of infant immune responses to vaccination |
| title_fullStr | The genetic regulation of infant immune responses to vaccination |
| title_full_unstemmed | The genetic regulation of infant immune responses to vaccination |
| title_short | The genetic regulation of infant immune responses to vaccination |
| title_sort | genetic regulation of infant immune responses to vaccination |
| topic | Child Mortality Transcription, Genetic candidate genes snps GWAS (genome-wide association study) |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00018/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT melanieenewport thegeneticregulationofinfantimmuneresponsestovaccination AT melanieenewport geneticregulationofinfantimmuneresponsestovaccination |