Solvent System-Guided Extraction of <i>Centaurium spicatum</i> (L.) Fritch Provides Optimized Conditions for the Biological and Chemical Characteristics of the Herbal Extracts
Spiked centaury (<i>Centaurium spicatum</i>) is a well-known medicinal plant from the Mediterranean region with various bioactivities, but there are no studies addressing the use of different solvent systems to improve its pharmacological potential. Nine extraction procedures were adapte...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/2/245 |
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| author | Jelena Božunović Marija Ivanov Jovana Petrović Uroš Gašić Đura Nakarada Milica Milutinović Neda Aničić Zlatko Giba Danijela Mišić Dejan Stojković |
| author_facet | Jelena Božunović Marija Ivanov Jovana Petrović Uroš Gašić Đura Nakarada Milica Milutinović Neda Aničić Zlatko Giba Danijela Mišić Dejan Stojković |
| author_sort | Jelena Božunović |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Spiked centaury (<i>Centaurium spicatum</i>) is a well-known medicinal plant from the Mediterranean region with various bioactivities, but there are no studies addressing the use of different solvent systems to improve its pharmacological potential. Nine extraction procedures were adapted to study the effects of solvent composition on the content of bioactive compounds in <i>C. spicatum</i> extracts and on corresponding bioactivities. Targeted metabolomics was performed to obtain information on the chemical composition of extracts. Ethanol-water-based extraction procedures were the most efficient in isolating polyphenols, while less polar butanol extract contained the highest amount of iridoids. Antioxidant potential analysis revealed stronger activity in extracts with higher polyphenol content. <i>Bacillus cereus</i> and <i>Staphylococus aureus</i> were designated as the most sensitive bacterial strains to the activity of extracts, while among the micromycetes tested, <i>Penicillium funiculosum</i> was the most susceptible strain. Butanol extract showed antivirulence potential on <i>Candida albicans</i> morphological transition from yeast to hyphal form, and selected extracts were effective against biofilm formation in two <i>Candida</i> species. All the extracts tested in this study showed no cytotoxic activity to immortalize human skin keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT), whereas extracts obtained by ethanol-water extraction stand out for their potent wound healing effects. Moreover, the influence of the extraction solvent system on various bioactivities of <i>C. spicatum</i> is reported herein for the first time. Overall, the results presented in this study promote the use of <i>C. spicatum</i> as a source of natural products with potential antioxidant, wound healing, and antimicrobial applications that are potentially safe for human use. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:17:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-74c4bff570e440dbad35c13edee8505d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:17:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-74c4bff570e440dbad35c13edee8505d2023-11-16T22:36:59ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472023-02-0116224510.3390/ph16020245Solvent System-Guided Extraction of <i>Centaurium spicatum</i> (L.) Fritch Provides Optimized Conditions for the Biological and Chemical Characteristics of the Herbal ExtractsJelena Božunović0Marija Ivanov1Jovana Petrović2Uroš Gašić3Đura Nakarada4Milica Milutinović5Neda Aničić6Zlatko Giba7Danijela Mišić8Dejan Stojković9Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, SerbiaFaculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11158 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, SerbiaFaculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, SerbiaSpiked centaury (<i>Centaurium spicatum</i>) is a well-known medicinal plant from the Mediterranean region with various bioactivities, but there are no studies addressing the use of different solvent systems to improve its pharmacological potential. Nine extraction procedures were adapted to study the effects of solvent composition on the content of bioactive compounds in <i>C. spicatum</i> extracts and on corresponding bioactivities. Targeted metabolomics was performed to obtain information on the chemical composition of extracts. Ethanol-water-based extraction procedures were the most efficient in isolating polyphenols, while less polar butanol extract contained the highest amount of iridoids. Antioxidant potential analysis revealed stronger activity in extracts with higher polyphenol content. <i>Bacillus cereus</i> and <i>Staphylococus aureus</i> were designated as the most sensitive bacterial strains to the activity of extracts, while among the micromycetes tested, <i>Penicillium funiculosum</i> was the most susceptible strain. Butanol extract showed antivirulence potential on <i>Candida albicans</i> morphological transition from yeast to hyphal form, and selected extracts were effective against biofilm formation in two <i>Candida</i> species. All the extracts tested in this study showed no cytotoxic activity to immortalize human skin keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT), whereas extracts obtained by ethanol-water extraction stand out for their potent wound healing effects. Moreover, the influence of the extraction solvent system on various bioactivities of <i>C. spicatum</i> is reported herein for the first time. Overall, the results presented in this study promote the use of <i>C. spicatum</i> as a source of natural products with potential antioxidant, wound healing, and antimicrobial applications that are potentially safe for human use.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/2/245<i>Centaurium spicatum</i>extraction solvent systembioactivityLC/MS |
| spellingShingle | Jelena Božunović Marija Ivanov Jovana Petrović Uroš Gašić Đura Nakarada Milica Milutinović Neda Aničić Zlatko Giba Danijela Mišić Dejan Stojković Solvent System-Guided Extraction of <i>Centaurium spicatum</i> (L.) Fritch Provides Optimized Conditions for the Biological and Chemical Characteristics of the Herbal Extracts Pharmaceuticals <i>Centaurium spicatum</i> extraction solvent system bioactivity LC/MS |
| title | Solvent System-Guided Extraction of <i>Centaurium spicatum</i> (L.) Fritch Provides Optimized Conditions for the Biological and Chemical Characteristics of the Herbal Extracts |
| title_full | Solvent System-Guided Extraction of <i>Centaurium spicatum</i> (L.) Fritch Provides Optimized Conditions for the Biological and Chemical Characteristics of the Herbal Extracts |
| title_fullStr | Solvent System-Guided Extraction of <i>Centaurium spicatum</i> (L.) Fritch Provides Optimized Conditions for the Biological and Chemical Characteristics of the Herbal Extracts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Solvent System-Guided Extraction of <i>Centaurium spicatum</i> (L.) Fritch Provides Optimized Conditions for the Biological and Chemical Characteristics of the Herbal Extracts |
| title_short | Solvent System-Guided Extraction of <i>Centaurium spicatum</i> (L.) Fritch Provides Optimized Conditions for the Biological and Chemical Characteristics of the Herbal Extracts |
| title_sort | solvent system guided extraction of i centaurium spicatum i l fritch provides optimized conditions for the biological and chemical characteristics of the herbal extracts |
| topic | <i>Centaurium spicatum</i> extraction solvent system bioactivity LC/MS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/2/245 |
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