The basal ganglia, the ideal machinery for the cost-benefit analysis of action plans
Basal ganglia dysfunction causes profound movement disorders, often attributed to imbalance between direct and indirect pathway activity in the sensorimotor basal ganglia. In the classical view, the direct pathway facilitates movements, whereas the indirect pathway inhibits movements. However, the r...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2013-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neural Circuits |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncir.2013.00121/full |
| _version_ | 1818993527205396480 |
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| author | Eun Jung eHwang |
| author_facet | Eun Jung eHwang |
| author_sort | Eun Jung eHwang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Basal ganglia dysfunction causes profound movement disorders, often attributed to imbalance between direct and indirect pathway activity in the sensorimotor basal ganglia. In the classical view, the direct pathway facilitates movements, whereas the indirect pathway inhibits movements. However, the recent finding of co-activation of the two pathways during movement challenges this view. Reconciling the new finding with the body of evidence supporting the classical view, this perspective proposes that the direct pathway computes the expected benefits of motor plans entering the basal ganglia, while the indirect pathway computes their expected costs. Thus, basal ganglia output combining the two pathway signals in a subtractive manner weighs benefits against costs, and endorses the plan with the best prospective outcome via feedback projections to the cortex. The cost-benefit model, while retaining the antagonistic roles of the two pathways for movements, requires co-activation of the two pathways during movement as both benefit and cost are computed for every movement. The cost-benefit model, though simple, accounts for a number of confounding results, and generates new focus for future research with testable predictions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T20:43:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-74c73632f41e4a76837ab6c1958ade8d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5110 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T20:43:28Z |
| publishDate | 2013-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neural Circuits |
| spelling | doaj.art-74c73632f41e4a76837ab6c1958ade8d2022-12-21T19:27:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neural Circuits1662-51102013-07-01710.3389/fncir.2013.0012153053The basal ganglia, the ideal machinery for the cost-benefit analysis of action plansEun Jung eHwang0California Institute of TechnologyBasal ganglia dysfunction causes profound movement disorders, often attributed to imbalance between direct and indirect pathway activity in the sensorimotor basal ganglia. In the classical view, the direct pathway facilitates movements, whereas the indirect pathway inhibits movements. However, the recent finding of co-activation of the two pathways during movement challenges this view. Reconciling the new finding with the body of evidence supporting the classical view, this perspective proposes that the direct pathway computes the expected benefits of motor plans entering the basal ganglia, while the indirect pathway computes their expected costs. Thus, basal ganglia output combining the two pathway signals in a subtractive manner weighs benefits against costs, and endorses the plan with the best prospective outcome via feedback projections to the cortex. The cost-benefit model, while retaining the antagonistic roles of the two pathways for movements, requires co-activation of the two pathways during movement as both benefit and cost are computed for every movement. The cost-benefit model, though simple, accounts for a number of confounding results, and generates new focus for future research with testable predictions.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncir.2013.00121/fulldecision-makingRewardeffortoptimal controlaction-selectioncortico-basal ganglia loop |
| spellingShingle | Eun Jung eHwang The basal ganglia, the ideal machinery for the cost-benefit analysis of action plans Frontiers in Neural Circuits decision-making Reward effort optimal control action-selection cortico-basal ganglia loop |
| title | The basal ganglia, the ideal machinery for the cost-benefit analysis of action plans |
| title_full | The basal ganglia, the ideal machinery for the cost-benefit analysis of action plans |
| title_fullStr | The basal ganglia, the ideal machinery for the cost-benefit analysis of action plans |
| title_full_unstemmed | The basal ganglia, the ideal machinery for the cost-benefit analysis of action plans |
| title_short | The basal ganglia, the ideal machinery for the cost-benefit analysis of action plans |
| title_sort | basal ganglia the ideal machinery for the cost benefit analysis of action plans |
| topic | decision-making Reward effort optimal control action-selection cortico-basal ganglia loop |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncir.2013.00121/full |
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