Dark/Light Treatments Followed by γ-Irradiation Increase the Frequency of Leaf-Color Mutants in <i>Cymbidium</i>
Radiation randomly induces chromosomal mutations in plants. However, it was recently found that the frequency of flower-color mutants could be specifically increased by upregulating anthocyanin pathway gene expression before radiation treatments. The mechanisms of chlorophyll biosynthesis and degrad...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-04-01
|
| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/4/532 |
| _version_ | 1797570185419292672 |
|---|---|
| author | Sang Hoon Kim Se Won Kim Jaihyunk Ryu Si-Yong Kang Byoung-Cheorl Kang Jin-Baek Kim |
| author_facet | Sang Hoon Kim Se Won Kim Jaihyunk Ryu Si-Yong Kang Byoung-Cheorl Kang Jin-Baek Kim |
| author_sort | Sang Hoon Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Radiation randomly induces chromosomal mutations in plants. However, it was recently found that the frequency of flower-color mutants could be specifically increased by upregulating anthocyanin pathway gene expression before radiation treatments. The mechanisms of chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation are active areas of plant study because chlorophyll metabolism is closely connected to photosynthesis. In this study, we determined the dark/light treatment conditions that resulted in upregulation of the expression levels of six chlorophyll pathway genes, uroporphyrinogen III synthase (<i>HEMD</i>), uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase (<i>HEME2</i>), NADPH-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) A (<i>PORA</i>), chlorophyll synthase (<i>CHLG</i>), chlorophyllase (<i>CLH2</i>), and red chlorophyll catabolite reductase (<i>RCCR</i>), and measured their effects on the γ-irradiation-induced frequencies of leaf-color mutants in two <i>Cymbidium</i> cultivars. To degrade chlorophyll in rhizomes, 60–75 days of dark treatment were required. To upregulate the expressions of chlorophyll pathway genes, 10 days of light treatment appeared to be optimal. Dark/light treatments followed by γ-irradiation increased chlorophyll-related leaf mutants by 1.4- to 2.0-fold compared with γ-ray treatment alone. Dark/light treatments combined with γ-irradiation increased the frequency of leaf-color mutants in <i>Cymbidium</i>, which supports the wider implementation of a plant breeding methodology that increases the mutation frequency of a target trait by controlling the expression of target trait-related genes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:21:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-74cdbe8344b44e48820b1a263acfd19b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:21:20Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-74cdbe8344b44e48820b1a263acfd19b2023-11-19T22:10:59ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472020-04-019453210.3390/plants9040532Dark/Light Treatments Followed by γ-Irradiation Increase the Frequency of Leaf-Color Mutants in <i>Cymbidium</i>Sang Hoon Kim0Se Won Kim1Jaihyunk Ryu2Si-Yong Kang3Byoung-Cheorl Kang4Jin-Baek Kim5Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, KoreaAdvanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, KoreaAdvanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, KoreaAdvanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, KoreaDepartment of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Vegetable Breeding Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, KoreaAdvanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, KoreaRadiation randomly induces chromosomal mutations in plants. However, it was recently found that the frequency of flower-color mutants could be specifically increased by upregulating anthocyanin pathway gene expression before radiation treatments. The mechanisms of chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation are active areas of plant study because chlorophyll metabolism is closely connected to photosynthesis. In this study, we determined the dark/light treatment conditions that resulted in upregulation of the expression levels of six chlorophyll pathway genes, uroporphyrinogen III synthase (<i>HEMD</i>), uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase (<i>HEME2</i>), NADPH-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) A (<i>PORA</i>), chlorophyll synthase (<i>CHLG</i>), chlorophyllase (<i>CLH2</i>), and red chlorophyll catabolite reductase (<i>RCCR</i>), and measured their effects on the γ-irradiation-induced frequencies of leaf-color mutants in two <i>Cymbidium</i> cultivars. To degrade chlorophyll in rhizomes, 60–75 days of dark treatment were required. To upregulate the expressions of chlorophyll pathway genes, 10 days of light treatment appeared to be optimal. Dark/light treatments followed by γ-irradiation increased chlorophyll-related leaf mutants by 1.4- to 2.0-fold compared with γ-ray treatment alone. Dark/light treatments combined with γ-irradiation increased the frequency of leaf-color mutants in <i>Cymbidium</i>, which supports the wider implementation of a plant breeding methodology that increases the mutation frequency of a target trait by controlling the expression of target trait-related genes.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/4/532chlorophylldark/light treatmentsγ-raymutation<i>Cymbidium</i>leaf-color |
| spellingShingle | Sang Hoon Kim Se Won Kim Jaihyunk Ryu Si-Yong Kang Byoung-Cheorl Kang Jin-Baek Kim Dark/Light Treatments Followed by γ-Irradiation Increase the Frequency of Leaf-Color Mutants in <i>Cymbidium</i> Plants chlorophyll dark/light treatments γ-ray mutation <i>Cymbidium</i> leaf-color |
| title | Dark/Light Treatments Followed by γ-Irradiation Increase the Frequency of Leaf-Color Mutants in <i>Cymbidium</i> |
| title_full | Dark/Light Treatments Followed by γ-Irradiation Increase the Frequency of Leaf-Color Mutants in <i>Cymbidium</i> |
| title_fullStr | Dark/Light Treatments Followed by γ-Irradiation Increase the Frequency of Leaf-Color Mutants in <i>Cymbidium</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dark/Light Treatments Followed by γ-Irradiation Increase the Frequency of Leaf-Color Mutants in <i>Cymbidium</i> |
| title_short | Dark/Light Treatments Followed by γ-Irradiation Increase the Frequency of Leaf-Color Mutants in <i>Cymbidium</i> |
| title_sort | dark light treatments followed by γ irradiation increase the frequency of leaf color mutants in i cymbidium i |
| topic | chlorophyll dark/light treatments γ-ray mutation <i>Cymbidium</i> leaf-color |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/4/532 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sanghoonkim darklighttreatmentsfollowedbygirradiationincreasethefrequencyofleafcolormutantsinicymbidiumi AT sewonkim darklighttreatmentsfollowedbygirradiationincreasethefrequencyofleafcolormutantsinicymbidiumi AT jaihyunkryu darklighttreatmentsfollowedbygirradiationincreasethefrequencyofleafcolormutantsinicymbidiumi AT siyongkang darklighttreatmentsfollowedbygirradiationincreasethefrequencyofleafcolormutantsinicymbidiumi AT byoungcheorlkang darklighttreatmentsfollowedbygirradiationincreasethefrequencyofleafcolormutantsinicymbidiumi AT jinbaekkim darklighttreatmentsfollowedbygirradiationincreasethefrequencyofleafcolormutantsinicymbidiumi |