Deletion of the <em>Bcnrps</em>1 Gene Increases the Pathogenicity of <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> and Reduces Its Tolerance to the Exogenous Toxic Substances Spermidine and Pyrimethanil
During the infection of grapevine (<i>Vitis vinifera</i>) by the fungus <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, the concentration of polyamines, which are toxic substances for the phytopathogen, increases in the grape. Nine NRPS genes have been identified in the genome of <i>B. cinere...
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| author | Ana Fernández-Morales María Carbú Victoria E. González-Rodríguez Sokratis Papaspyrou Carlos Garrido Jesús M. Cantoral |
| author_facet | Ana Fernández-Morales María Carbú Victoria E. González-Rodríguez Sokratis Papaspyrou Carlos Garrido Jesús M. Cantoral |
| author_sort | Ana Fernández-Morales |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | During the infection of grapevine (<i>Vitis vinifera</i>) by the fungus <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, the concentration of polyamines, which are toxic substances for the phytopathogen, increases in the grape. Nine NRPS genes have been identified in the genome of <i>B. cinerea</i>, yet the function of five of them remains unknown. For this reason, we have studied the expression of the 9 NRPS genes by RT-qPCR in a medium supplemented with sublethal concentrations of three polyamines (1,3-diaminopropane (1,3-DAP), spermidine (SPD), and spermine (SPM)). Our results show that the presence of polyamines in the culture medium triggered the overexpression of the <i>Bcnrps</i>1 gene in the pathogen. Deleting <i>Bcnrps</i>1 did not affect mycelial growth or adaptation to osmotic stress, and we show that its expression is not essential for the cycle of infection of the <i>B. cinerea</i>. However, mutating the <i>Bcnrps</i>1 gene resulted in overexpression of the <i>Bcnrps</i>6 gene, which encodes for the excretion of siderophores of the coprogen family. Moreover, gene deletion has reduced the tolerance of <i>B. cinerea</i> B05.10 to toxic substances such as the polyamine SPD and the fungicide pyrimethanil, and its virulence has increased. Our findings provide new insights into the function of the <i>Bcnrps</i>1 gene and its involvement in the tolerance of <i>B. cinerea</i> against exogenous toxic compounds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:31:56Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:31:56Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
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| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-74dac16a28ab456e950d6bcc9a2813802023-11-22T13:47:57ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2021-09-017972110.3390/jof7090721Deletion of the <em>Bcnrps</em>1 Gene Increases the Pathogenicity of <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> and Reduces Its Tolerance to the Exogenous Toxic Substances Spermidine and PyrimethanilAna Fernández-Morales0María Carbú1Victoria E. González-Rodríguez2Sokratis Papaspyrou3Carlos Garrido4Jesús M. Cantoral5Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, SpainLaboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, SpainLaboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, SpainDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, SpainLaboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, SpainLaboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, SpainDuring the infection of grapevine (<i>Vitis vinifera</i>) by the fungus <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, the concentration of polyamines, which are toxic substances for the phytopathogen, increases in the grape. Nine NRPS genes have been identified in the genome of <i>B. cinerea</i>, yet the function of five of them remains unknown. For this reason, we have studied the expression of the 9 NRPS genes by RT-qPCR in a medium supplemented with sublethal concentrations of three polyamines (1,3-diaminopropane (1,3-DAP), spermidine (SPD), and spermine (SPM)). Our results show that the presence of polyamines in the culture medium triggered the overexpression of the <i>Bcnrps</i>1 gene in the pathogen. Deleting <i>Bcnrps</i>1 did not affect mycelial growth or adaptation to osmotic stress, and we show that its expression is not essential for the cycle of infection of the <i>B. cinerea</i>. However, mutating the <i>Bcnrps</i>1 gene resulted in overexpression of the <i>Bcnrps</i>6 gene, which encodes for the excretion of siderophores of the coprogen family. Moreover, gene deletion has reduced the tolerance of <i>B. cinerea</i> B05.10 to toxic substances such as the polyamine SPD and the fungicide pyrimethanil, and its virulence has increased. Our findings provide new insights into the function of the <i>Bcnrps</i>1 gene and its involvement in the tolerance of <i>B. cinerea</i> against exogenous toxic compounds.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/9/721non-ribosomal peptide synthetaseenvironmental signalspolyaminesfungicideRT-qPCRsiderophore |
| spellingShingle | Ana Fernández-Morales María Carbú Victoria E. González-Rodríguez Sokratis Papaspyrou Carlos Garrido Jesús M. Cantoral Deletion of the <em>Bcnrps</em>1 Gene Increases the Pathogenicity of <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> and Reduces Its Tolerance to the Exogenous Toxic Substances Spermidine and Pyrimethanil Journal of Fungi non-ribosomal peptide synthetase environmental signals polyamines fungicide RT-qPCR siderophore |
| title | Deletion of the <em>Bcnrps</em>1 Gene Increases the Pathogenicity of <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> and Reduces Its Tolerance to the Exogenous Toxic Substances Spermidine and Pyrimethanil |
| title_full | Deletion of the <em>Bcnrps</em>1 Gene Increases the Pathogenicity of <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> and Reduces Its Tolerance to the Exogenous Toxic Substances Spermidine and Pyrimethanil |
| title_fullStr | Deletion of the <em>Bcnrps</em>1 Gene Increases the Pathogenicity of <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> and Reduces Its Tolerance to the Exogenous Toxic Substances Spermidine and Pyrimethanil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Deletion of the <em>Bcnrps</em>1 Gene Increases the Pathogenicity of <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> and Reduces Its Tolerance to the Exogenous Toxic Substances Spermidine and Pyrimethanil |
| title_short | Deletion of the <em>Bcnrps</em>1 Gene Increases the Pathogenicity of <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> and Reduces Its Tolerance to the Exogenous Toxic Substances Spermidine and Pyrimethanil |
| title_sort | deletion of the em bcnrps em 1 gene increases the pathogenicity of em botrytis cinerea em and reduces its tolerance to the exogenous toxic substances spermidine and pyrimethanil |
| topic | non-ribosomal peptide synthetase environmental signals polyamines fungicide RT-qPCR siderophore |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/9/721 |
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