Mechanical Properties and Microscopic Mechanism of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) Slag-Treated Clay Subgrades
Civil engineering faces a substantial challenge when dealing with soft and compressible clayey soils. Conventional soil stabilization techniques involving ordinary Portland cement (OPC) result in notable CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. This study explores the utilization of basic oxygen furnac...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Buildings |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/13/12/2962 |
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| author | Arailym Mustafayeva Aidana Bimykova Sakiru Olarewaju Olagunju Jong Kim Alfrendo Satyanaga Sung-Woo Moon |
| author_facet | Arailym Mustafayeva Aidana Bimykova Sakiru Olarewaju Olagunju Jong Kim Alfrendo Satyanaga Sung-Woo Moon |
| author_sort | Arailym Mustafayeva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Civil engineering faces a substantial challenge when dealing with soft and compressible clayey soils. Conventional soil stabilization techniques involving ordinary Portland cement (OPC) result in notable CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. This study explores the utilization of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag, a by-product of steel production, for strengthening kaolin clay. This research investigates the influence of BOF slag particle size, BOF slag content, and the use of activators such as lime and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) on the stabilization of kaolin clay. The strength development is assessed through unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, bender element (BE) test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The findings reveal that higher BOF content and extended curing periods enhance soil strength, and lime and GGBFS effectively augment the stabilizing properties of BOF slag. Stabilizing kaolin clay with a 30% BOF/GGBFS mixture in a 50/50 ratio with 1% lime and curing for 7 days yielded a compressive strength of 753 kPa, meeting the Federal Highway Administration’s requirement for lime-treated soil. These combined measures contribute to developing a more robust and stable material with enhanced geotechnical properties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:56:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-74dcd0ed70e64122a1a5b1aa542af5ff |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-5309 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:56:48Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Buildings |
| spelling | doaj.art-74dcd0ed70e64122a1a5b1aa542af5ff2023-12-22T13:58:00ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092023-11-011312296210.3390/buildings13122962Mechanical Properties and Microscopic Mechanism of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) Slag-Treated Clay SubgradesArailym Mustafayeva0Aidana Bimykova1Sakiru Olarewaju Olagunju2Jong Kim3Alfrendo Satyanaga4Sung-Woo Moon5Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, KazakhstanDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, KazakhstanDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, KazakhstanDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, KazakhstanDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, KazakhstanDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, KazakhstanCivil engineering faces a substantial challenge when dealing with soft and compressible clayey soils. Conventional soil stabilization techniques involving ordinary Portland cement (OPC) result in notable CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. This study explores the utilization of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag, a by-product of steel production, for strengthening kaolin clay. This research investigates the influence of BOF slag particle size, BOF slag content, and the use of activators such as lime and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) on the stabilization of kaolin clay. The strength development is assessed through unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, bender element (BE) test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The findings reveal that higher BOF content and extended curing periods enhance soil strength, and lime and GGBFS effectively augment the stabilizing properties of BOF slag. Stabilizing kaolin clay with a 30% BOF/GGBFS mixture in a 50/50 ratio with 1% lime and curing for 7 days yielded a compressive strength of 753 kPa, meeting the Federal Highway Administration’s requirement for lime-treated soil. These combined measures contribute to developing a more robust and stable material with enhanced geotechnical properties.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/13/12/2962kaolin clayBOF slagsoil stabilizationunconfined compressive strengthbender element |
| spellingShingle | Arailym Mustafayeva Aidana Bimykova Sakiru Olarewaju Olagunju Jong Kim Alfrendo Satyanaga Sung-Woo Moon Mechanical Properties and Microscopic Mechanism of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) Slag-Treated Clay Subgrades Buildings kaolin clay BOF slag soil stabilization unconfined compressive strength bender element |
| title | Mechanical Properties and Microscopic Mechanism of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) Slag-Treated Clay Subgrades |
| title_full | Mechanical Properties and Microscopic Mechanism of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) Slag-Treated Clay Subgrades |
| title_fullStr | Mechanical Properties and Microscopic Mechanism of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) Slag-Treated Clay Subgrades |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanical Properties and Microscopic Mechanism of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) Slag-Treated Clay Subgrades |
| title_short | Mechanical Properties and Microscopic Mechanism of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) Slag-Treated Clay Subgrades |
| title_sort | mechanical properties and microscopic mechanism of basic oxygen furnace bof slag treated clay subgrades |
| topic | kaolin clay BOF slag soil stabilization unconfined compressive strength bender element |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/13/12/2962 |
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