The Ca2+ concentration impacts the cytokine production of mouse and human lymphoid cells and the polarization of human macrophages in vitro.
Various aspects of the in vitro culture conditions can impact the functional response of immune cells. For example, it was shown that a Ca2+ concentration of at least 1.5 mM during in vitro stimulation is needed for optimal cytokine production by conventional αβ T cells. Here we extend these finding...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2023-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282037 |
| _version_ | 1797848110859288576 |
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| author | Yusuf Cem Eskiocak Zeynep Ozge Ayyildiz Sinem Gunalp Asli Korkmaz Derya Goksu Helvaci Yavuz Dogan Duygu Sag Gerhard Wingender |
| author_facet | Yusuf Cem Eskiocak Zeynep Ozge Ayyildiz Sinem Gunalp Asli Korkmaz Derya Goksu Helvaci Yavuz Dogan Duygu Sag Gerhard Wingender |
| author_sort | Yusuf Cem Eskiocak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Various aspects of the in vitro culture conditions can impact the functional response of immune cells. For example, it was shown that a Ca2+ concentration of at least 1.5 mM during in vitro stimulation is needed for optimal cytokine production by conventional αβ T cells. Here we extend these findings by showing that also unconventional T cells (invariant Natural Killer T cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells, γδ T cells), as well as B cells, show an increased cytokine response following in vitro stimulation in the presence of elevated Ca2+ concentrations. This effect appeared more pronounced with mouse than with human lymphoid cells and did not influence their survival. A similarly increased cytokine response due to elevated Ca2+ levels was observed with primary human monocytes. In contrast, primary human monocyte-derived macrophages, either unpolarized (M0) or polarized into M1 or M2 macrophages, displayed increased cell death in the presence of elevated Ca2+ concentrations. Furthermore, elevated Ca2+ concentrations promoted phenotypic M1 differentiation by increasing M1 markers on M1 and M2 macrophages and decreasing M2 markers on M2 macrophages. However, the cytokine production of macrophages, again in contrast to the lymphoid cells, was unaltered by the Ca2+ concentration. In summary, our data demonstrate that the Ca2+ concentration during in vitro cultures is an important variable to be considered for functional experiments and that elevated Ca2+ levels can boost cytokine production by both mouse and human lymphoid cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T18:22:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-74ddccde7b06412bbe4a9e10248401d7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T18:22:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-74ddccde7b06412bbe4a9e10248401d72023-04-12T05:33:10ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032023-01-01182e028203710.1371/journal.pone.0282037The Ca2+ concentration impacts the cytokine production of mouse and human lymphoid cells and the polarization of human macrophages in vitro.Yusuf Cem EskiocakZeynep Ozge AyyildizSinem GunalpAsli KorkmazDerya Goksu HelvaciYavuz DoganDuygu SagGerhard WingenderVarious aspects of the in vitro culture conditions can impact the functional response of immune cells. For example, it was shown that a Ca2+ concentration of at least 1.5 mM during in vitro stimulation is needed for optimal cytokine production by conventional αβ T cells. Here we extend these findings by showing that also unconventional T cells (invariant Natural Killer T cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells, γδ T cells), as well as B cells, show an increased cytokine response following in vitro stimulation in the presence of elevated Ca2+ concentrations. This effect appeared more pronounced with mouse than with human lymphoid cells and did not influence their survival. A similarly increased cytokine response due to elevated Ca2+ levels was observed with primary human monocytes. In contrast, primary human monocyte-derived macrophages, either unpolarized (M0) or polarized into M1 or M2 macrophages, displayed increased cell death in the presence of elevated Ca2+ concentrations. Furthermore, elevated Ca2+ concentrations promoted phenotypic M1 differentiation by increasing M1 markers on M1 and M2 macrophages and decreasing M2 markers on M2 macrophages. However, the cytokine production of macrophages, again in contrast to the lymphoid cells, was unaltered by the Ca2+ concentration. In summary, our data demonstrate that the Ca2+ concentration during in vitro cultures is an important variable to be considered for functional experiments and that elevated Ca2+ levels can boost cytokine production by both mouse and human lymphoid cells.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282037 |
| spellingShingle | Yusuf Cem Eskiocak Zeynep Ozge Ayyildiz Sinem Gunalp Asli Korkmaz Derya Goksu Helvaci Yavuz Dogan Duygu Sag Gerhard Wingender The Ca2+ concentration impacts the cytokine production of mouse and human lymphoid cells and the polarization of human macrophages in vitro. PLoS ONE |
| title | The Ca2+ concentration impacts the cytokine production of mouse and human lymphoid cells and the polarization of human macrophages in vitro. |
| title_full | The Ca2+ concentration impacts the cytokine production of mouse and human lymphoid cells and the polarization of human macrophages in vitro. |
| title_fullStr | The Ca2+ concentration impacts the cytokine production of mouse and human lymphoid cells and the polarization of human macrophages in vitro. |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Ca2+ concentration impacts the cytokine production of mouse and human lymphoid cells and the polarization of human macrophages in vitro. |
| title_short | The Ca2+ concentration impacts the cytokine production of mouse and human lymphoid cells and the polarization of human macrophages in vitro. |
| title_sort | ca2 concentration impacts the cytokine production of mouse and human lymphoid cells and the polarization of human macrophages in vitro |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282037 |
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