Experimental Investigation of Neat Biodiesels’ Saturation Level on Combustion and Emission Characteristics in a CI Engine
The fuel qualities of several biodiesels containing highly saturated, mono, and poly unsaturated fatty acids, as well as their combustion and exhaust emission characteristics, were studied. Six biodiesel samples were divided into two groups based on their fatty acid composition, including group 1 (c...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/16/5203 |
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| author | Vikas Sharma Abul K. Hossain Ganesh Duraisamy |
| author_facet | Vikas Sharma Abul K. Hossain Ganesh Duraisamy |
| author_sort | Vikas Sharma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The fuel qualities of several biodiesels containing highly saturated, mono, and poly unsaturated fatty acids, as well as their combustion and exhaust emission characteristics, were studied. Six biodiesel samples were divided into two groups based on their fatty acid composition, including group 1 (coconut, castor, and jatropha) and group II (palm, karanja, and waste cooking oil biodiesel). All fuels (in both groups) were tested in a single-cylinder off-road diesel engine. Castor and karanja biodiesel, both rich in mono-unsaturation level, have a high viscosity of about 14.5 and 5.04 mm<sup>2</sup>/s, respectively. The coconut and palm biodiesels are rich in saturation level with cetane numbers of 62 and 60, respectively. In both groups, highly saturated and poly-unsaturated methyl esters presented better combustion efficiency and less formation of polluted emissions than mono-unsaturation. At full load, coconut and palm biodiesel displayed 38% and 10% advanced start of combustion, respectively, which reduced ignition delay by approximately 10% and 3%, respectively. Mono-unsaturated methyl esters exhibited a higher cylinder pressure and heat release rate, which results in higher NOx gas emissions. The group II biodiesels showed about 10–15% lower exhaust emissions owing to an optimum level of fatty acid composition. Our study concluded that highly saturated and poly-unsaturated fatty acid performed better than mono-unsaturated biodiesels for off-road engine application. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:50:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-74e53971901a49079295520326c0e765 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:50:44Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-74e53971901a49079295520326c0e7652023-11-22T07:33:32ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-08-011416520310.3390/en14165203Experimental Investigation of Neat Biodiesels’ Saturation Level on Combustion and Emission Characteristics in a CI EngineVikas Sharma0Abul K. Hossain1Ganesh Duraisamy2Aston Institute for Urban Technologies and the Environment (ASTUTE), Department of Mechanical, Biomedical & Design Engineering, College of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UKAston Institute for Urban Technologies and the Environment (ASTUTE), Department of Mechanical, Biomedical & Design Engineering, College of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UKInternal Combustion Engine Division, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Anna University, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, IndiaThe fuel qualities of several biodiesels containing highly saturated, mono, and poly unsaturated fatty acids, as well as their combustion and exhaust emission characteristics, were studied. Six biodiesel samples were divided into two groups based on their fatty acid composition, including group 1 (coconut, castor, and jatropha) and group II (palm, karanja, and waste cooking oil biodiesel). All fuels (in both groups) were tested in a single-cylinder off-road diesel engine. Castor and karanja biodiesel, both rich in mono-unsaturation level, have a high viscosity of about 14.5 and 5.04 mm<sup>2</sup>/s, respectively. The coconut and palm biodiesels are rich in saturation level with cetane numbers of 62 and 60, respectively. In both groups, highly saturated and poly-unsaturated methyl esters presented better combustion efficiency and less formation of polluted emissions than mono-unsaturation. At full load, coconut and palm biodiesel displayed 38% and 10% advanced start of combustion, respectively, which reduced ignition delay by approximately 10% and 3%, respectively. Mono-unsaturated methyl esters exhibited a higher cylinder pressure and heat release rate, which results in higher NOx gas emissions. The group II biodiesels showed about 10–15% lower exhaust emissions owing to an optimum level of fatty acid composition. Our study concluded that highly saturated and poly-unsaturated fatty acid performed better than mono-unsaturated biodiesels for off-road engine application.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/16/5203biofuelsbiodiesel saturationcarbon bondingcombustionemissionengine |
| spellingShingle | Vikas Sharma Abul K. Hossain Ganesh Duraisamy Experimental Investigation of Neat Biodiesels’ Saturation Level on Combustion and Emission Characteristics in a CI Engine Energies biofuels biodiesel saturation carbon bonding combustion emission engine |
| title | Experimental Investigation of Neat Biodiesels’ Saturation Level on Combustion and Emission Characteristics in a CI Engine |
| title_full | Experimental Investigation of Neat Biodiesels’ Saturation Level on Combustion and Emission Characteristics in a CI Engine |
| title_fullStr | Experimental Investigation of Neat Biodiesels’ Saturation Level on Combustion and Emission Characteristics in a CI Engine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental Investigation of Neat Biodiesels’ Saturation Level on Combustion and Emission Characteristics in a CI Engine |
| title_short | Experimental Investigation of Neat Biodiesels’ Saturation Level on Combustion and Emission Characteristics in a CI Engine |
| title_sort | experimental investigation of neat biodiesels saturation level on combustion and emission characteristics in a ci engine |
| topic | biofuels biodiesel saturation carbon bonding combustion emission engine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/16/5203 |
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