Emergence of a new designated clade 16 with significant antigenic drift in hemagglutinin gene of H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus in eastern China
ABSTRACTH9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) pose an increasing threat to the poultry industry worldwide and have pandemic potential. Vaccination has been principal prevention strategy to control H9N2 in China since 1998, but vaccine effectiveness is persistently challenged by the emergence of the ge...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2023.2249558 |
| _version_ | 1797257058107523072 |
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| author | Xiyue Wang Kaituo Liu Yaqian Guo Yuru Pei Xia Chen Xiaolong Lu Ruyi Gao Yu Chen Min Gu Jiao Hu Xiaowen Liu Shunlin Hu Xin-an Jiao Xiufan Liu Xiaoquan Wang |
| author_facet | Xiyue Wang Kaituo Liu Yaqian Guo Yuru Pei Xia Chen Xiaolong Lu Ruyi Gao Yu Chen Min Gu Jiao Hu Xiaowen Liu Shunlin Hu Xin-an Jiao Xiufan Liu Xiaoquan Wang |
| author_sort | Xiyue Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACTH9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) pose an increasing threat to the poultry industry worldwide and have pandemic potential. Vaccination has been principal prevention strategy to control H9N2 in China since 1998, but vaccine effectiveness is persistently challenged by the emergence of the genetic and/or antigenic variants. Here, we analysed the genetic and antigenic characteristics of H9N2 viruses in China, including 70 HA sequences of H9N2 isolates from poultry, 7358 from online databases during 2010–2020, and 15 from the early reference strains. Bayesian analyses based on hemagglutinin (HA) gene revealed that a new designated clade16 emerged in April 2012, and was prevalent and co-circulated with clade 15 since 2013 in China. Clade 16 viruses exhibited decreased cross-reactivity with those from clade 15. Antigenic Cartography analyses showed represent strains were classified into three antigenic groups named as Group1, Group2 and Group3, and most of the strains in Group 3 (15/17, 88.2%) were from Clade 16 while most of the strains in Group2 (26/29, 89.7%) were from Clade 15. The mean distance between Group 3 and Group 2 was 4.079 (95%CI 3.605–4.554), revealing that major switches to antigenic properties were observed over the emergence of clade 16. Genetic analysis indicated that 11 coevolving amino acid substitutions primarily at antigenic sites were associated with the antigenic differences between clade 15 and clade 16. These data highlight complexities of the genetic evolution and provide a framework for the genetic basis and antigenic characterization of emerging clade 16 of H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:51:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-74e9f4f43510434ab0713d38dc385104 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2222-1751 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T22:31:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
| spelling | doaj.art-74e9f4f43510434ab0713d38dc3851042024-03-19T19:34:17ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512023-12-0112210.1080/22221751.2023.2249558Emergence of a new designated clade 16 with significant antigenic drift in hemagglutinin gene of H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus in eastern ChinaXiyue Wang0Kaituo Liu1Yaqian Guo2Yuru Pei3Xia Chen4Xiaolong Lu5Ruyi Gao6Yu Chen7Min Gu8Jiao Hu9Xiaowen Liu10Shunlin Hu11Xin-an Jiao12Xiufan Liu13Xiaoquan Wang14College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaABSTRACTH9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) pose an increasing threat to the poultry industry worldwide and have pandemic potential. Vaccination has been principal prevention strategy to control H9N2 in China since 1998, but vaccine effectiveness is persistently challenged by the emergence of the genetic and/or antigenic variants. Here, we analysed the genetic and antigenic characteristics of H9N2 viruses in China, including 70 HA sequences of H9N2 isolates from poultry, 7358 from online databases during 2010–2020, and 15 from the early reference strains. Bayesian analyses based on hemagglutinin (HA) gene revealed that a new designated clade16 emerged in April 2012, and was prevalent and co-circulated with clade 15 since 2013 in China. Clade 16 viruses exhibited decreased cross-reactivity with those from clade 15. Antigenic Cartography analyses showed represent strains were classified into three antigenic groups named as Group1, Group2 and Group3, and most of the strains in Group 3 (15/17, 88.2%) were from Clade 16 while most of the strains in Group2 (26/29, 89.7%) were from Clade 15. The mean distance between Group 3 and Group 2 was 4.079 (95%CI 3.605–4.554), revealing that major switches to antigenic properties were observed over the emergence of clade 16. Genetic analysis indicated that 11 coevolving amino acid substitutions primarily at antigenic sites were associated with the antigenic differences between clade 15 and clade 16. These data highlight complexities of the genetic evolution and provide a framework for the genetic basis and antigenic characterization of emerging clade 16 of H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2023.2249558H9N2HA genenew designated cladegenetic evolutionantigenic |
| spellingShingle | Xiyue Wang Kaituo Liu Yaqian Guo Yuru Pei Xia Chen Xiaolong Lu Ruyi Gao Yu Chen Min Gu Jiao Hu Xiaowen Liu Shunlin Hu Xin-an Jiao Xiufan Liu Xiaoquan Wang Emergence of a new designated clade 16 with significant antigenic drift in hemagglutinin gene of H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus in eastern China Emerging Microbes and Infections H9N2 HA gene new designated clade genetic evolution antigenic |
| title | Emergence of a new designated clade 16 with significant antigenic drift in hemagglutinin gene of H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus in eastern China |
| title_full | Emergence of a new designated clade 16 with significant antigenic drift in hemagglutinin gene of H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus in eastern China |
| title_fullStr | Emergence of a new designated clade 16 with significant antigenic drift in hemagglutinin gene of H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus in eastern China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emergence of a new designated clade 16 with significant antigenic drift in hemagglutinin gene of H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus in eastern China |
| title_short | Emergence of a new designated clade 16 with significant antigenic drift in hemagglutinin gene of H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus in eastern China |
| title_sort | emergence of a new designated clade 16 with significant antigenic drift in hemagglutinin gene of h9n2 subtype avian influenza virus in eastern china |
| topic | H9N2 HA gene new designated clade genetic evolution antigenic |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2023.2249558 |
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