Near-Field to Far-Field RCS Prediction on Arbitrary Scanning Surfaces Based on Spherical Wave Expansion
Near-field to far-field transformation (NFFFT) is a frequently-used method in antenna and radar cross section (RCS) measurements for various applications. For weapon systems, most measurements are captured in the near-field area in an anechoic chamber, considering the security requirements for the d...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-12-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/24/7199 |
| _version_ | 1797544548826611712 |
|---|---|
| author | Woobin Kim Hyeong-Rae Im Yeong-Hoon Noh Ic-Pyo Hong Hyun-Sung Tae Jeong-Kyu Kim Jong-Gwan Yook |
| author_facet | Woobin Kim Hyeong-Rae Im Yeong-Hoon Noh Ic-Pyo Hong Hyun-Sung Tae Jeong-Kyu Kim Jong-Gwan Yook |
| author_sort | Woobin Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Near-field to far-field transformation (NFFFT) is a frequently-used method in antenna and radar cross section (RCS) measurements for various applications. For weapon systems, most measurements are captured in the near-field area in an anechoic chamber, considering the security requirements for the design process and high spatial costs of far-field measurements. As the theoretical RCS value is the power ratio of the scattered wave to the incident wave in the far-field region, a scattered wave measured in the near-field region needs to be converted into field values in the far-field region. Therefore, this paper proposes a near-field to far-field transformation algorithm based on spherical wave expansion for application in near-field RCS measurement systems. If the distance and angular coordinates of each measurement point are known, the spherical wave functions in an orthogonal relationship can be calculated. If each weight is assumed to be unknown, a system of linear equations as numerous as the number of samples measured in the near electric field can be generated. In this system of linear equations, each weight value can be calculated using the iterative least squares QR-factorization method. Based on this theory, the validity of the proposed NFFFT is verified for several scatterer types, frequencies and measurement distances. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:02:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-74fd4dda334447d29b490e9e6cf16c59 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:02:07Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-74fd4dda334447d29b490e9e6cf16c592023-11-21T00:59:12ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-12-012024719910.3390/s20247199Near-Field to Far-Field RCS Prediction on Arbitrary Scanning Surfaces Based on Spherical Wave ExpansionWoobin Kim0Hyeong-Rae Im1Yeong-Hoon Noh2Ic-Pyo Hong3Hyun-Sung Tae4Jeong-Kyu Kim5Jong-Gwan Yook6Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, KoreaDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, KoreaDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, KoreaDepartment of Information and Communication Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, KoreaAerospace Technology Research Institute, Agency for Defense and Development (ADD), Seosan, Chungnam 32024, KoreaAerospace Technology Research Institute, Agency for Defense and Development (ADD), Seosan, Chungnam 32024, KoreaDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, KoreaNear-field to far-field transformation (NFFFT) is a frequently-used method in antenna and radar cross section (RCS) measurements for various applications. For weapon systems, most measurements are captured in the near-field area in an anechoic chamber, considering the security requirements for the design process and high spatial costs of far-field measurements. As the theoretical RCS value is the power ratio of the scattered wave to the incident wave in the far-field region, a scattered wave measured in the near-field region needs to be converted into field values in the far-field region. Therefore, this paper proposes a near-field to far-field transformation algorithm based on spherical wave expansion for application in near-field RCS measurement systems. If the distance and angular coordinates of each measurement point are known, the spherical wave functions in an orthogonal relationship can be calculated. If each weight is assumed to be unknown, a system of linear equations as numerous as the number of samples measured in the near electric field can be generated. In this system of linear equations, each weight value can be calculated using the iterative least squares QR-factorization method. Based on this theory, the validity of the proposed NFFFT is verified for several scatterer types, frequencies and measurement distances.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/24/7199radar cross section (RCS) measurementnear-field to far-field transformation (NFFFT)spherical wave expansion (SWE) |
| spellingShingle | Woobin Kim Hyeong-Rae Im Yeong-Hoon Noh Ic-Pyo Hong Hyun-Sung Tae Jeong-Kyu Kim Jong-Gwan Yook Near-Field to Far-Field RCS Prediction on Arbitrary Scanning Surfaces Based on Spherical Wave Expansion Sensors radar cross section (RCS) measurement near-field to far-field transformation (NFFFT) spherical wave expansion (SWE) |
| title | Near-Field to Far-Field RCS Prediction on Arbitrary Scanning Surfaces Based on Spherical Wave Expansion |
| title_full | Near-Field to Far-Field RCS Prediction on Arbitrary Scanning Surfaces Based on Spherical Wave Expansion |
| title_fullStr | Near-Field to Far-Field RCS Prediction on Arbitrary Scanning Surfaces Based on Spherical Wave Expansion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Near-Field to Far-Field RCS Prediction on Arbitrary Scanning Surfaces Based on Spherical Wave Expansion |
| title_short | Near-Field to Far-Field RCS Prediction on Arbitrary Scanning Surfaces Based on Spherical Wave Expansion |
| title_sort | near field to far field rcs prediction on arbitrary scanning surfaces based on spherical wave expansion |
| topic | radar cross section (RCS) measurement near-field to far-field transformation (NFFFT) spherical wave expansion (SWE) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/24/7199 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT woobinkim nearfieldtofarfieldrcspredictiononarbitraryscanningsurfacesbasedonsphericalwaveexpansion AT hyeongraeim nearfieldtofarfieldrcspredictiononarbitraryscanningsurfacesbasedonsphericalwaveexpansion AT yeonghoonnoh nearfieldtofarfieldrcspredictiononarbitraryscanningsurfacesbasedonsphericalwaveexpansion AT icpyohong nearfieldtofarfieldrcspredictiononarbitraryscanningsurfacesbasedonsphericalwaveexpansion AT hyunsungtae nearfieldtofarfieldrcspredictiononarbitraryscanningsurfacesbasedonsphericalwaveexpansion AT jeongkyukim nearfieldtofarfieldrcspredictiononarbitraryscanningsurfacesbasedonsphericalwaveexpansion AT jonggwanyook nearfieldtofarfieldrcspredictiononarbitraryscanningsurfacesbasedonsphericalwaveexpansion |