Etiology and Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Interstitial Lung Disease
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is one of the most serious extra-articular complications of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which increases the mortality of RA. Because the pathogenesis of RA-ILD remains poorly understood, appropriate therapeutic strategies and biomarkers have not yet been identified. Th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/19/14509 |
| _version_ | 1797575821867614208 |
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| author | Yerin Kim Hyung-In Yang Kyoung-Soo Kim |
| author_facet | Yerin Kim Hyung-In Yang Kyoung-Soo Kim |
| author_sort | Yerin Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is one of the most serious extra-articular complications of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which increases the mortality of RA. Because the pathogenesis of RA-ILD remains poorly understood, appropriate therapeutic strategies and biomarkers have not yet been identified. Thus, the goal of this review was to summarize and analyze the reported data on the etiology and pathogenesis of RA-ILD. The incidence of RA-ILD increases with age, and is also generally higher in men than in women and in patients with specific genetic variations and ethnicity. Lifestyle factors associated with an increased risk of RA-ILD include smoking and exposure to pollutants. The presence of an anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, high RA disease activity, and rheumatoid factor positivity also increase the risk of RA-ILD. We also explored the roles of biological processes (e.g., fibroblast–myofibroblast transition, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and immunological processes), signaling pathways (e.g., JAK/STAT and PI3K/Akt), and the histopathology of RA involved in RA-ILD pathogenesis based on published preclinical and clinical models of RA-ILD in animal and human studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:43:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-75092001d51b414ea613b534f3df791b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:43:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-75092001d51b414ea613b534f3df791b2023-11-19T14:27:40ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-09-0124191450910.3390/ijms241914509Etiology and Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Interstitial Lung DiseaseYerin Kim0Hyung-In Yang1Kyoung-Soo Kim2Department of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung 25601, Republic of KoreaDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of KoreaEast-West Bone & Joint Disease Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of KoreaInterstitial lung disease (ILD) is one of the most serious extra-articular complications of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which increases the mortality of RA. Because the pathogenesis of RA-ILD remains poorly understood, appropriate therapeutic strategies and biomarkers have not yet been identified. Thus, the goal of this review was to summarize and analyze the reported data on the etiology and pathogenesis of RA-ILD. The incidence of RA-ILD increases with age, and is also generally higher in men than in women and in patients with specific genetic variations and ethnicity. Lifestyle factors associated with an increased risk of RA-ILD include smoking and exposure to pollutants. The presence of an anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, high RA disease activity, and rheumatoid factor positivity also increase the risk of RA-ILD. We also explored the roles of biological processes (e.g., fibroblast–myofibroblast transition, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and immunological processes), signaling pathways (e.g., JAK/STAT and PI3K/Akt), and the histopathology of RA involved in RA-ILD pathogenesis based on published preclinical and clinical models of RA-ILD in animal and human studies.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/19/14509rheumatoid arthritisinterstitial lung diseasepathogenesis |
| spellingShingle | Yerin Kim Hyung-In Yang Kyoung-Soo Kim Etiology and Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Interstitial Lung Disease International Journal of Molecular Sciences rheumatoid arthritis interstitial lung disease pathogenesis |
| title | Etiology and Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Interstitial Lung Disease |
| title_full | Etiology and Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Interstitial Lung Disease |
| title_fullStr | Etiology and Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Interstitial Lung Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Etiology and Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Interstitial Lung Disease |
| title_short | Etiology and Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Interstitial Lung Disease |
| title_sort | etiology and pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis interstitial lung disease |
| topic | rheumatoid arthritis interstitial lung disease pathogenesis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/19/14509 |
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