Programmable Autonomous Water Samplers (PAWS): An inexpensive, adaptable and robust submersible system for time-integrated water sampling in freshwater and marine ecosystems
Water chemistry conditions in freshwater and marine environments can change rapidly over both space and time. This is especially true in environments that are exposed to anthropogenic impacts such as sedimentation, sewage, runoff and other types of pollution. It is critical in studying these systems...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-03-01
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| Series: | HardwareX |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468067222001377 |
| _version_ | 1797884477240770560 |
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| author | Kyle C. Neumann Daniel La Hyemin Yoo Deron E. Burkepile |
| author_facet | Kyle C. Neumann Daniel La Hyemin Yoo Deron E. Burkepile |
| author_sort | Kyle C. Neumann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Water chemistry conditions in freshwater and marine environments can change rapidly over both space and time. This is especially true in environments that are exposed to anthropogenic impacts such as sedimentation, sewage, runoff and other types of pollution. It is critical in studying these systems that researchers have tools capable of accurately collecting water samples across relevant spatial and temporal scales. Here we present an inexpensive, open-source Programmable Autonomous Water Sampler (PAWS) that is open source, compact, robust, highly adaptable and submersible to 40 m. PAWS utilizes a time-integrated sampling approach by collecting a single sample in a syringe slowly over minutes to days. Once analyzed, data from the sample collected represents and integrated average of water chemistry conditions over time. Due to its adaptability and low cost, PAWS has the potential to improve the spatial and temporal coverage of many freshwater and marine studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T04:07:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-750bf0ec20da457bbc85a0ec8e19c89d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2468-0672 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T04:07:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | HardwareX |
| spelling | doaj.art-750bf0ec20da457bbc85a0ec8e19c89d2023-03-13T04:15:51ZengElsevierHardwareX2468-06722023-03-0113e00392Programmable Autonomous Water Samplers (PAWS): An inexpensive, adaptable and robust submersible system for time-integrated water sampling in freshwater and marine ecosystemsKyle C. Neumann0Daniel La1Hyemin Yoo2Deron E. Burkepile3Corresponding author.; UC Santa Barbara, United StatesUC Santa Barbara, United StatesUC Santa Barbara, United StatesUC Santa Barbara, United StatesWater chemistry conditions in freshwater and marine environments can change rapidly over both space and time. This is especially true in environments that are exposed to anthropogenic impacts such as sedimentation, sewage, runoff and other types of pollution. It is critical in studying these systems that researchers have tools capable of accurately collecting water samples across relevant spatial and temporal scales. Here we present an inexpensive, open-source Programmable Autonomous Water Sampler (PAWS) that is open source, compact, robust, highly adaptable and submersible to 40 m. PAWS utilizes a time-integrated sampling approach by collecting a single sample in a syringe slowly over minutes to days. Once analyzed, data from the sample collected represents and integrated average of water chemistry conditions over time. Due to its adaptability and low cost, PAWS has the potential to improve the spatial and temporal coverage of many freshwater and marine studies.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468067222001377OceanographyLimnologyCoastalWater chemistryNutrientsEcotoxicology |
| spellingShingle | Kyle C. Neumann Daniel La Hyemin Yoo Deron E. Burkepile Programmable Autonomous Water Samplers (PAWS): An inexpensive, adaptable and robust submersible system for time-integrated water sampling in freshwater and marine ecosystems HardwareX Oceanography Limnology Coastal Water chemistry Nutrients Ecotoxicology |
| title | Programmable Autonomous Water Samplers (PAWS): An inexpensive, adaptable and robust submersible system for time-integrated water sampling in freshwater and marine ecosystems |
| title_full | Programmable Autonomous Water Samplers (PAWS): An inexpensive, adaptable and robust submersible system for time-integrated water sampling in freshwater and marine ecosystems |
| title_fullStr | Programmable Autonomous Water Samplers (PAWS): An inexpensive, adaptable and robust submersible system for time-integrated water sampling in freshwater and marine ecosystems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Programmable Autonomous Water Samplers (PAWS): An inexpensive, adaptable and robust submersible system for time-integrated water sampling in freshwater and marine ecosystems |
| title_short | Programmable Autonomous Water Samplers (PAWS): An inexpensive, adaptable and robust submersible system for time-integrated water sampling in freshwater and marine ecosystems |
| title_sort | programmable autonomous water samplers paws an inexpensive adaptable and robust submersible system for time integrated water sampling in freshwater and marine ecosystems |
| topic | Oceanography Limnology Coastal Water chemistry Nutrients Ecotoxicology |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468067222001377 |
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