Antioxidant Activity, Sun Protection Activity, and Phytochemical Profile of Ethanolic Extracts of <i>Daemonorops acehensis</i> Resin and Its Phytosomes
<i>Daemonorops</i> (Indonesian: <i>jernang</i>) resin is one of Indonesia’s leading non-timber forest products and can be developed as a source of natural antioxidants and sun protection. This study aimed to select promising solvents for extracting a <i>Daemonorops aceh...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Scientia Pharmaceutica |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-0532/90/1/10 |
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| author | Rita Kartika Sari Yanico Hadi Prayogo Salman Arib Rozan Mohamad Rafi Ietje Wientarsih |
| author_facet | Rita Kartika Sari Yanico Hadi Prayogo Salman Arib Rozan Mohamad Rafi Ietje Wientarsih |
| author_sort | Rita Kartika Sari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Daemonorops</i> (Indonesian: <i>jernang</i>) resin is one of Indonesia’s leading non-timber forest products and can be developed as a source of natural antioxidants and sun protection. This study aimed to select promising solvents for extracting a <i>Daemonorops acehensis</i> resin and phytosome formulation with high antioxidant capacities and sun protection factor (SPF) values. <i>Jernang</i> resin was extracted using a water–ethanol mixture in five different ratios. The promising extract was then mixed with soy lecithin in three different formulations. A promising extract and phytosome were then selected based on their antioxidant capacities and sun protection factor (SPF) values. A liquid chromatography mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis was also performed on five extracts to identify the components in the extracts that might be responsible for the biological activity. The results showed that the ethanol solvent variation and phytosome formulation influenced the antioxidant capacity and SPF value. A hundred-percent ethanolic extract and F1 phytosome exhibited the highest antioxidant capacities and SPF values. A qualitative analysis revealed the various classes of compounds in the extract and phytosome. A flavylium chromophore, dracorhodin, dominated the resin extract and was presumed to be the marker compound responsible for their antioxidant capabilities and SPF values. These findings are important for manufacturing sunscreens containing active compounds of bioactive natural resins. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:42:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7511de0004ce49f6bceb3028cfa5fba5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0036-8709 2218-0532 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:42:52Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientia Pharmaceutica |
| spelling | doaj.art-7511de0004ce49f6bceb3028cfa5fba52023-11-30T22:15:49ZengMDPI AGScientia Pharmaceutica0036-87092218-05322022-02-019011010.3390/scipharm90010010Antioxidant Activity, Sun Protection Activity, and Phytochemical Profile of Ethanolic Extracts of <i>Daemonorops acehensis</i> Resin and Its PhytosomesRita Kartika Sari0Yanico Hadi Prayogo1Salman Arib Rozan2Mohamad Rafi3Ietje Wientarsih4Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, IndonesiaDepartment of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, IndonesiaDepartment of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, IndonesiaTropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University, Bogor 16128, IndonesiaTropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University, Bogor 16128, Indonesia<i>Daemonorops</i> (Indonesian: <i>jernang</i>) resin is one of Indonesia’s leading non-timber forest products and can be developed as a source of natural antioxidants and sun protection. This study aimed to select promising solvents for extracting a <i>Daemonorops acehensis</i> resin and phytosome formulation with high antioxidant capacities and sun protection factor (SPF) values. <i>Jernang</i> resin was extracted using a water–ethanol mixture in five different ratios. The promising extract was then mixed with soy lecithin in three different formulations. A promising extract and phytosome were then selected based on their antioxidant capacities and sun protection factor (SPF) values. A liquid chromatography mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis was also performed on five extracts to identify the components in the extracts that might be responsible for the biological activity. The results showed that the ethanol solvent variation and phytosome formulation influenced the antioxidant capacity and SPF value. A hundred-percent ethanolic extract and F1 phytosome exhibited the highest antioxidant capacities and SPF values. A qualitative analysis revealed the various classes of compounds in the extract and phytosome. A flavylium chromophore, dracorhodin, dominated the resin extract and was presumed to be the marker compound responsible for their antioxidant capabilities and SPF values. These findings are important for manufacturing sunscreens containing active compounds of bioactive natural resins.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-0532/90/1/10antioxidant capacity<i>jernang</i>SPF valuesunscreen |
| spellingShingle | Rita Kartika Sari Yanico Hadi Prayogo Salman Arib Rozan Mohamad Rafi Ietje Wientarsih Antioxidant Activity, Sun Protection Activity, and Phytochemical Profile of Ethanolic Extracts of <i>Daemonorops acehensis</i> Resin and Its Phytosomes Scientia Pharmaceutica antioxidant capacity <i>jernang</i> SPF value sunscreen |
| title | Antioxidant Activity, Sun Protection Activity, and Phytochemical Profile of Ethanolic Extracts of <i>Daemonorops acehensis</i> Resin and Its Phytosomes |
| title_full | Antioxidant Activity, Sun Protection Activity, and Phytochemical Profile of Ethanolic Extracts of <i>Daemonorops acehensis</i> Resin and Its Phytosomes |
| title_fullStr | Antioxidant Activity, Sun Protection Activity, and Phytochemical Profile of Ethanolic Extracts of <i>Daemonorops acehensis</i> Resin and Its Phytosomes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antioxidant Activity, Sun Protection Activity, and Phytochemical Profile of Ethanolic Extracts of <i>Daemonorops acehensis</i> Resin and Its Phytosomes |
| title_short | Antioxidant Activity, Sun Protection Activity, and Phytochemical Profile of Ethanolic Extracts of <i>Daemonorops acehensis</i> Resin and Its Phytosomes |
| title_sort | antioxidant activity sun protection activity and phytochemical profile of ethanolic extracts of i daemonorops acehensis i resin and its phytosomes |
| topic | antioxidant capacity <i>jernang</i> SPF value sunscreen |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-0532/90/1/10 |
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