Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3: A Focal Point for Advancing Pathogenic Inflammation in Depression
Increasing evidence indicates that the host immune response has a monumental role in the etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), motivating the development of the inflammatory hypothesis of depression. Central to the involvement of chronic inflammation in MDD is a wide range of signaling defici...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/9/2270 |
| _version_ | 1797519902985158656 |
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| author | Ryan T. McCallum Melissa L. Perreault |
| author_facet | Ryan T. McCallum Melissa L. Perreault |
| author_sort | Ryan T. McCallum |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Increasing evidence indicates that the host immune response has a monumental role in the etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), motivating the development of the inflammatory hypothesis of depression. Central to the involvement of chronic inflammation in MDD is a wide range of signaling deficits induced by the excessive secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and imbalanced T cell differentiation. Such signaling deficits include the glutamatergic, cholinergic, insulin, and neurotrophin systems, which work in concert to initiate and advance the neuropathology. Fundamental to the communication between such systems is the protein kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a multifaceted protein critically linked to the etiology of MDD and an emerging target to treat pathogenic inflammation. Here, a consolidated overview of the widespread multi-system involvement of GSK-3 in contributing to the neuropathology of MDD will be discussed, with the feed-forward mechanistic links between all major neuronal signaling pathways highlighted. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:49:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7517609c3351420c9a5ed2e3327b59b7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:49:22Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-7517609c3351420c9a5ed2e3327b59b72023-11-22T12:23:29ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092021-09-01109227010.3390/cells10092270Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3: A Focal Point for Advancing Pathogenic Inflammation in DepressionRyan T. McCallum0Melissa L. Perreault1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaIncreasing evidence indicates that the host immune response has a monumental role in the etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), motivating the development of the inflammatory hypothesis of depression. Central to the involvement of chronic inflammation in MDD is a wide range of signaling deficits induced by the excessive secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and imbalanced T cell differentiation. Such signaling deficits include the glutamatergic, cholinergic, insulin, and neurotrophin systems, which work in concert to initiate and advance the neuropathology. Fundamental to the communication between such systems is the protein kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a multifaceted protein critically linked to the etiology of MDD and an emerging target to treat pathogenic inflammation. Here, a consolidated overview of the widespread multi-system involvement of GSK-3 in contributing to the neuropathology of MDD will be discussed, with the feed-forward mechanistic links between all major neuronal signaling pathways highlighted.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/9/2270MDDdepressionglycogen synthase kinase 3inflammationoxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Ryan T. McCallum Melissa L. Perreault Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3: A Focal Point for Advancing Pathogenic Inflammation in Depression Cells MDD depression glycogen synthase kinase 3 inflammation oxidative stress |
| title | Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3: A Focal Point for Advancing Pathogenic Inflammation in Depression |
| title_full | Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3: A Focal Point for Advancing Pathogenic Inflammation in Depression |
| title_fullStr | Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3: A Focal Point for Advancing Pathogenic Inflammation in Depression |
| title_full_unstemmed | Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3: A Focal Point for Advancing Pathogenic Inflammation in Depression |
| title_short | Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3: A Focal Point for Advancing Pathogenic Inflammation in Depression |
| title_sort | glycogen synthase kinase 3 a focal point for advancing pathogenic inflammation in depression |
| topic | MDD depression glycogen synthase kinase 3 inflammation oxidative stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/9/2270 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ryantmccallum glycogensynthasekinase3afocalpointforadvancingpathogenicinflammationindepression AT melissalperreault glycogensynthasekinase3afocalpointforadvancingpathogenicinflammationindepression |