Sensor Integrated Load-Bearing Structures: Measuring Axis Extension with DIC-Based Transducers
In this paper we present a novel, cost-effective camera-based multi-axis force/torque sensor concept for integration into metallic load-bearing structures. A two-part pattern consisting of a directly incident and mirrored light beam is projected onto the imaging sensor surface. This allows the captu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/12/4104 |
| _version_ | 1797530124958040064 |
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| author | Nassr Al-Baradoni Peter Groche |
| author_facet | Nassr Al-Baradoni Peter Groche |
| author_sort | Nassr Al-Baradoni |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper we present a novel, cost-effective camera-based multi-axis force/torque sensor concept for integration into metallic load-bearing structures. A two-part pattern consisting of a directly incident and mirrored light beam is projected onto the imaging sensor surface. This allows the capturing of 3D displacements, occurring due to structure deformation under load in a single image. The displacement of defined features in size and position can be accurately analyzed and determined through digital image correlation (DIC). Validation on a prototype shows good accuracy of the measurement and a unique identification of all in- and out-of-plane displacement components under multiaxial load. Measurements show a maximum deviation related to the maximum measured values between 2.5% and 4.8% for uniaxial loads (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>F</mi><mi>x</mi></msub><mo>,</mo><mo> </mo><msub><mi>F</mi><mi>y</mi></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>F</mi><mi>z</mi></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>M</mi><mi>z</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and between 2.5% and 10.43% for combined bending, torsion and axial load. In the course of the investigations, the measurement inaccuracy was partly attributed to the joint used between the sensor parts and the structure as well as to eccentric load. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:24:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-75234fbf107a4b6eb0bc918a73efe582 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:24:29Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-75234fbf107a4b6eb0bc918a73efe5822023-11-22T00:09:00ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-06-012112410410.3390/s21124104Sensor Integrated Load-Bearing Structures: Measuring Axis Extension with DIC-Based TransducersNassr Al-Baradoni0Peter Groche1Institute for Production Engineering and Forming Machines, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, GermanyInstitute for Production Engineering and Forming Machines, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, GermanyIn this paper we present a novel, cost-effective camera-based multi-axis force/torque sensor concept for integration into metallic load-bearing structures. A two-part pattern consisting of a directly incident and mirrored light beam is projected onto the imaging sensor surface. This allows the capturing of 3D displacements, occurring due to structure deformation under load in a single image. The displacement of defined features in size and position can be accurately analyzed and determined through digital image correlation (DIC). Validation on a prototype shows good accuracy of the measurement and a unique identification of all in- and out-of-plane displacement components under multiaxial load. Measurements show a maximum deviation related to the maximum measured values between 2.5% and 4.8% for uniaxial loads (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>F</mi><mi>x</mi></msub><mo>,</mo><mo> </mo><msub><mi>F</mi><mi>y</mi></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>F</mi><mi>z</mi></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>M</mi><mi>z</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and between 2.5% and 10.43% for combined bending, torsion and axial load. In the course of the investigations, the measurement inaccuracy was partly attributed to the joint used between the sensor parts and the structure as well as to eccentric load.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/12/4104sensor embedded structuresdigital image correlationmulti-axis force/torque sensorsmart structures |
| spellingShingle | Nassr Al-Baradoni Peter Groche Sensor Integrated Load-Bearing Structures: Measuring Axis Extension with DIC-Based Transducers Sensors sensor embedded structures digital image correlation multi-axis force/torque sensor smart structures |
| title | Sensor Integrated Load-Bearing Structures: Measuring Axis Extension with DIC-Based Transducers |
| title_full | Sensor Integrated Load-Bearing Structures: Measuring Axis Extension with DIC-Based Transducers |
| title_fullStr | Sensor Integrated Load-Bearing Structures: Measuring Axis Extension with DIC-Based Transducers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sensor Integrated Load-Bearing Structures: Measuring Axis Extension with DIC-Based Transducers |
| title_short | Sensor Integrated Load-Bearing Structures: Measuring Axis Extension with DIC-Based Transducers |
| title_sort | sensor integrated load bearing structures measuring axis extension with dic based transducers |
| topic | sensor embedded structures digital image correlation multi-axis force/torque sensor smart structures |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/12/4104 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nassralbaradoni sensorintegratedloadbearingstructuresmeasuringaxisextensionwithdicbasedtransducers AT petergroche sensorintegratedloadbearingstructuresmeasuringaxisextensionwithdicbasedtransducers |